Money from the national government that states can spend within broad guidelines determined by Washington
What is block grant
100
A political system in which there are local (territorial, regional, state, or municipal) units of government, as well as a national government; powers are shared between the local units and the national government
What is federalism
100
Chief Justice Rehnquist's opinion for the Court flatly stated: "The Act neither regulates a commercial activity nor contains a requirement that the possession be connected in any way to interstate commerce. We hold that the Act exceeds the authority of Congress '[t]o regulate Commerce . . . among the several States. . . .'"
What is U.S. v. Lopez (1995)
100
Racial discrimination in public accommodations disrupted interstate commerce for those who were discriminated against
What is the Heart of Atlanta Hotel v. U.S.
100
Process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot
What is initiative
200
Money given by the national government to the states with conditions.
What is grant-in-aid
200
involves the offer of money from the national government to the states in the form of grants to promote national ends such as public welfare, environmental standards, and educational improvements.
What is fiscal federalism
200
o Regulation of U.S. Constitution had a commerce clause that allowed the federal government to regulate commerce; related to a steam boat
What is Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
200
Congress could apply minimum-wage requirements to the states and their localities
What is Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985)
200
Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office
What is recall
300
Federal grant for a specific purpose, such as building an airport
What is categorical grant
300
"marble cake federalism," involved the national and state governments sharing functions and collaborating on major national priorities. This relationship predominated between 1930 and 1960.
What is cooperative federalism
300
o Hamilton's creation of the National Bank - no power to create banks is delegated the Federal Government, however it was deemed necessary and proper to form a bank to aid in Congress's power to coin money and regulate the economy.
What is McCullough v. Maryland (1819)
300
Congress could not regulate governmental activities that were an integral part of state sovereignty (states have authority over their employees)
What National League of Cities v. Usery (1976)
300
Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature
What is referendum
400
Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds
What is conditions of aid
400
Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate
What is dual federalism
400
States could not regulate commerce that went beyond their boundaries. Instead, regulation had to come from the federal government.
What is Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific RR v. Illinois (1886)
400
Supreme Court deferred to congressional interpretation of its commerce power
What is Wickard v. Filburn (1942)
400
The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state’s opinion, violates the Constitution
What is nullification
500
Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants
What is mandate
500
"on your own federalism," is characterized by further devolution of power from national to state governments, deregulation, but also increased difficulty of states to fulfill their new mandates. This period began in 1981 and continues to the present.
What is new federalism
500
Overturned Violence Against Women Act of 1994, stating that attacks against women do not substantially affect interstate commerce
What is United States v. Morrison (2000)
500
has interpret the commerce clause as an expansion and contraction of the power of the federal government
What is how the Supreme Court has interpreted
500
a reduction in federal regulations and a shift in responsibility for programs to the states