Nature of Science
Minerals & Rock Cycle
Plate Tectonics
Forces that Shape the Earth
Geologic Change Over Time
100

If an accident occurs, or something spills or breaks during a lab, what should you do?

tell the teacher immediately

100

What is a series of processes on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another called?

the rock cycle

100

What is Earth's mantle made of?

layer of hot rock, magnesium, silicon, aluminum

100

A wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range is called what?

alluvial fan

100

Radiometric dating works best with what type of rocks?

igneous rocks

200

Why is it useful for scientists to develop models for the structure of atoms?

Atoms are too small to study directly

200

Minerals are classified into what two groups?

silicates and non-silicates

200

The process by which rock changes shape   or breaks under stress is called what?

deformation

200

What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change?

chemical weathering

200

How do most fossils form?

Living things die and their remains are buried by sediment

300

What must a scientific hypothesis be?

able to be tested

300

What are the properties of a mineral?

streak, color, luster, hardness, and cleavage/fracture

300

What is the place where two plates come together called?

convergent boundary

300

Which type of volcano has gently sloping sides and erupts nonexplosively?

shield volcano

300

Extremely fine particles of clay and silt eroded and deposited by the wind are called what?

loess

400

The metric prefix "milli" represents what place value?

thousandths

400

The process by which wind removes surface materials is called what?

deflation

400

Wind carrying sand grains deposits the sand when the wind does what?

slows down or hits an obstacle

400

What happens to tsunami waves as they approach the shore?

they get bigger

400

What are fossils of organisms that were widely distributed but only lived during a short period of time called?

index fossils

500

Describe the difference between an independent and dependent variable.

Dependent variable changes based on the independent variable

500

Can water be a mineral?

Yes, if it is frozen (ice). Ice is a solid, it has a crystalline structure, definite chemical composition, inorganic, naturally occurring

500

The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of what?

volcanoes forming over a hot spot

500

How do earthquake waves travel?

They travel away from the focus in all directions.

500

Explain the difference between relative and absolute dating.

Relative dating compares a rock age to the ages of rocks around it (older or younger). Absolute dating uses the rates of decay of radioactive elements within the rock to find out exactly how old the rock is.

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