Unit 1: History and Approaches
This approach studies learned behaviors and schedules of reinforcement.
Behavioral
A clear, precise, typically quantifiable explanation or outline of your variables which allows for replication.
Operational Definition
Detection of signal or stimulus means that it is above this 50% of the time.
Absolute Threshold
The name that describe the successful pairing of the US and the NS.
Acquisition
The magic number for the number of items that can be store in short-term memory.
7 plus or minus 2
This practice was used by Wilhelm Wundt. People are asked to describe their inner thoughts and mental process as they experience various sensations.
Introspection
The same results will be achieved each time the test is taken.
Reliability
The failure to notice something because you are too focused on another task. (gorilla video)
Inattention Blindness
Remove an averse (unpleasant/annoying) stimulus in order to increase the likelihood of a behavior concurring again. (i.e. putting on a seat belt to stop the beeping)
Negative Reinforcement
This type of memory is about retelling events or stories. i.e. your 16th birthday party
episodic memory
This approach promotes things like growth, active listening, unconditional positive regard, freewill, choice and self-actualization. Major thinkers include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Humanistic
The test is testing what it claims to test.
Validity
In sound waves pitch = _____________ and loudness = _____________
frequency; amplitude
In a token economy they are things like stickers or gold stars which ultimately lead to a prize.
Secondary Reinnforcers
This type of memory is for facts, and understanding of meaning. (i.e. the date of a birthday or an address)
Semantic Memory
The belief that all knowledge is gained through experience and observation.
Empiricism
This structure links the two hemispheres of the brain. In split brain patients it is severed.
Corpus Callosum
Using sensory inputs to build into a larger concept. Parts --> Whole. I see a green, thin, long shape on the ground, it's a snake!
This rate of reinforcement leads to the highest response rate. Rewarded after a random number of attempts. (slot machines)
Variable-Ratio
Process by which neural connection are strengthened over time with repeated stimulation (more firing of neurons). It leads to retention of memory.
LTP (Long-Term Potentiation)
She was the first female phD in psychology.
Margaret Floy Washburn
It releases growth hormones in the endocrine system. It is controlled by the hypothalamus and plays an important role in regulating the endocrine system.
Pituitary Gland
This is the only sense that does not route through the thalamus.
Smell
A type of learning that is hidden or underlying until there is a need to use it.
Latent Learning
Time where something must be learned or else it cannot ever happen (i.e. language must be learned young, feral children)
Critical Period