Miscellaneous
The receptor for a steroid would be found where?
Inside of the cell or nucleus because a steroid is a type of lipid and lipids are nonpolar.
This is the term that describes when a protein unfolds
Denaturation
This is the macromolecule without a monomer or polymer form
What is lipids
Provide the name of the molecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane. Provide its regions' charges.
Phospholipid. Head is hydrophilic and tail is hydrophobic.
What are the three steps in a signal transduction pathway?
What is reception, transduction, response
When is a plant cell turgid? Flaccid?
Hypotonic, isotonic.
At which level of protein folding are alpha helices and beta pleated sheets observed
Secondary
These are the four most common elements in nature
What is carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen
This structure is what allows water molecules to move through the cell membrane (specific name)
What is aquaporins
These molecules can move through the membrane and initiate response within the cell
What is nonpolar/hydrophobic
This is the name of the protein that phosphorylates other proteins during a transduction cascade
Kinase
This type of covalent bond connects amino acids
Draw an amino acid with an amino group and a carboxyl group. How do amino acids differ?
What is should have NH3 and COOH on opposite ends. R group/functional group is how they differ
Describe the three types of endocytosis
What is receptor-mediated: need particular molecule to bind to receptor to initiate endocytosis. Pinocytosis: "cell-drinking". Phagocytosis: "cell-eating"
A molecule that specifically binds to a receptor is known as this
What is ligand
This level of protein folding is when R groups hydrogen bond
The carboxyl group of one amino acid will undergo dehydration synthesis with which group of the next amino acid?
Amino group
What is the reaction that forms polymers? Monomers?
What is dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis
A cell with 1% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with 4% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell? Which one, the cell or the solution would have a more negative water potential value?
What is the cell will shrink. The solution has a more negative water potential value.
This type of signaling involves numerous cells responding to a nearby cell's release of chemicals
What is paracrine signaling
A cell with a Psi of -2.5 bars. 2 M sucrose at 30 degrees Celsius. What is the Psi P?
22.68 bars
What is the group on an amino acid that identifies it? Hint: it is the only portion of an amino acid that is different from another one
R group
What are the four macromolecules, their monomers, and their functions
Compare and contrast active and passive transport
What is active transport: requires energy, low to high movement Passive: no energy, high to low
A signaling molecule that is hydrophilic/polar will bind to a receptor here
What is in the cell membrane