Functional Groups
Cellular Architecture
Macromolecules
Thermodynamics
Keyterms
100
A molecule that contains a hydroxyl group (R-OH)
What is an alcohol?
100
One difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
What is nuclear membrane, compartmentalization, unicellular versus multicellular organisms, level of complexity
100
This macromolecule contains guanine, cytosine, thymine and adenine.
What is DNA
100
The study of energy and its effect on matter .
What is thermodynamics
100
The cleavage of bonds by the addition of water.
What is hydrolysis?
200
A molecules that contains a carbon double bonded to an oxygen as well as a hydroxyl group.
What is an ester? (R-COOH)
200
The "cellular power plant", this organelle generates the cell's supply of ATP in eukaryotes
What is the mitochondrion?
200
this macromolecule is comprised of 20 different amino acids, can vary in length, shape and function
What is protein
200
The first law of thermodynamics states that all energy is conserved and is usually described as:
What is enthalpy?
200
process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule
What is replication
300
A molecule that contains a carbonyl goup
What is an aldehyde? R-C(H)=O
300
A network of filaments that provide cellular structure and the ability to move
What is the cytoskeleton?
300
This macromolecule is a multibranced polysaccride of glucose and serves as a form of energy storage in animals.
What is glycogen
300
The second law of thermodynamics states that ____ tends to increase.
What is entropy
300
Any member of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon
What is an organic compound
400
Draw a phosphodiester
What is R-PO4-R'
400
These endosomal bodies contain hydrolitic enzymes capable of digesting proteins and nucleic acids.
What is the lysosome?
400
Biological catalysts, able to accelerate the rate of reactions without being consumed by the reaction.
What are enzymes?
400
For a reaction to be spontaneous, dH must be _____ and dS must be ____.
What is negative and positive.
400
state in which both concentrations of reactants and products have no further tendency to change in time
What is equilibrium
500
Draw the two possible amino groups
What is NR3 or N+R4?
500
This marcomolecule comprised of both RNA and protein serves as the primary site of protein synthesis.
What is the ribosome?
500
The biological membrane that separates the interior of the cells from the outside environment.
What is plasma membrane
500
Write out the two equations defining gibbs free energy (dG)
What is dG=DH-TdS and dG=-RTlnK
500
The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms.
What is metabolism.
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