Common diseases
Pathogens
3 lines of defence
Vectors of disease
Immunity
100
These diseases can be spread of transferred from one organism to another.
What are infectious diseases.
100
This type of pathogen is unable to grow or reproduce on its own. It first must invade a host cell. Once in that cell, it can then reproduce and make copies of itself.
What is a virus.
100
The first line of defence involves __________ barriers and ___________ barriers.
Physical and chemical
100
If you are touched by an infected person, this is called ________________________.
What is direct contact.
100
You are born with this type of immunity.
What is Natural Immunity.
200
Infectious diseases are generally caused by microbes known as _____________.
What are pathogens.
200
These are very small and are single cells. They come in three main shapes: cocci, bacilli, spirillum.
What are bacteria.
200
What is an example of a physical barrier of defence and what is an example of a chemical barrier of defence?
Physical: skin, nasal hairs, mucus in the windpipe. Chemical: saliva, tears, stomach acid.
200
_____________________ includes inhaling droplets that contain pathogens after an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks.
What is indirect contact.
200
Edward Jenner produced an immunity to smallpox. He caleld the method __________________.
What is vaccination.
300
______________ bind to antigens to defend the immune system.
What are antibodies.
300
Parasites that cause disease in humans include teh group of single-celled, animal-like organisms called ___________.
Protozoans.
300
The second line of defence includes a swelling called ____________.
What is inflammation.
300
Spread of disease by a _____________ (an organism which carries disease from one person to another) is a form of indirect contact.
What is a vector.
300
Vaccines consist of:
Living micro-organisms Anti-serum Non-virulent strain of toxins.
400
___________________ cannot be spread from one person to another. You cannot 'catch' these diseases.
What are non-infectious diseases.
400
Many of these are parasites that feed on living plants and animals. Common human diseases include athlete's foot or tinea.
What are fungi.
400
The last line of defence is in the ________________ system.
What is lymphatic.
400
______________ are a vector which can result in malaria, sleeping sickness, amoebic dysentery.
What are insects.
400
These cells ___________________ seek and destroy disease causing organisms/substances.
What are white blood cells - leukocytes.
500
______________ are the invaders in the body. The surface of a pathogen contains these and they cause an immune response in the body, stimulating the production of antibodies.
What are antigens.
500
Disease causing bacteria live on the food provided by their host. THey are then able to grow and reproduce, dividing into two in a process called _______________.
What is binary fission.
500
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
To remove foreign material and dead cells before they enter the bloodstream. The fluids are filtered in the lymph nodes and foreign material is trapped here.
500
What are three ways to prevent the spread of disease?
Personal hygiene, care with food preparation, proper disposal of sewage and garbage, chemical control of vectors, chemical treatment of surfaces/water, public education, antibiotics, quarantine laws.
500
________________ is an antibiotic made by a mould (fungus). The team led by Sir Howard Florey discovered this.
What is penicillin.
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