People
People II
Terms & Phrases
Pieces of Paper
Oppressive Things
100
This US Senator from Massachusetts was caned in the Senate in 1856 and nearly died. He returned after the outbreak of the Civil War. Formulator of the state suicide theory, supporter of emancipation, outspoken radical Republican, and involved in the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.
What is Charles Sumner?
100
(1811-1873) Founder and editor of New York Tribune. Popularized the saying "Go west, young man." Smooth shaven, round face ringed oddly with hair on the edges. Sloppy dresser. Liberal Republican Party's presidential candidate in 1872.
What is Horace Greeley?
100
Derogatory term applied to Northerners who migrated south during Reconstruction to advance their own fortunes. They bought land from desperate Southerners and were accused of manipulating new black voters to obtain lucrative government contracts.
What is carpetbaggers?
100
Nickname of 1895 speech by Booker T. Washington before a predominantly white audience at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta. Washington soothed his listeners’ concerns about black people by claiming that his race would content itself with living “by the productions of our hands.”
What is the Atlanta Compromise?
100
Post-Civil War terrorist group and social club dedicated to preserving a social order in which whites dominated subservient blacks. Was later revived in the 1920s under the same name, with a wider geographic reach and a new, anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish focus.
What is Ku Klux Klan?
200
As a member of the Grant administration, he was an able diplomat who peacefully settled conflicts with Britain through the Treaty of Washington.
What is Hamilton Fish?
200
North Carolina AME minister who became first black US senator in 1870. Served only about a year.
What is Hiram R. Revels?
200
Nickname for purchase of Alaska negotiated by Secretary of State Seward.
What is Seward's Folly or Seward's Ice Box?
200
This divisive 1864 bill by two Radical Republicans, Sen. Benjamin Wade of OH and Rep. Henry Winter Davis of MD, made re-admittance to the Union contingent on a majority in each Southern state to take the “Ironclad Oath” that they had never supported the CSA. Passed both houses but pocket-vetoed by Lincoln. Never took effect.
What is the Wade-Davis Bill?
200
The system under which a farmer is extended credit for seed and other supplies by a merchant who may also be the land owner. Merchants granted credit until harvest; meanwhile, they took a mortgage, or lien, on the tenant's share of the crop. Related to sharecropping.
What is the crop lien system?
300
Black man who became a senator in 1874. The only African American to be elected to a FULL term until Edward Brooke in 1966. His first name means "white" in French.
What is Blanche K. Bruce?
300
The "Great Commoner," he pushed for emancipation and black suffrage. An antislavery Whig, then Radical Republican, he opposed Fugitive Slave Law and Compromise of 1850; led failed impeachment of Andrew Johnson; and supported 14th Amendment and an unsuccessful plan to give land to former slaves.
What is Thaddeus Stevens?
300
Romantic, melancholy notion that the South's tragically failed struggle in the Civil War had been for a noble, aristocratic way of life that was . . . simply magical. Mint juleps on the veranda. Happy, singing slaves. All lost. Lost forever. Sob.
What is the Lost Cause?
300
Reconstruction-era constitutional amendment ratified in 1868. Citizenship clause overruled Dred Scott decision. Full citizenship to all native-born or naturalized Americans, including former slaves. Had clauses on due process & equal protection. Dealt with some confederate loose ends.
What is Fourteenth Amendment?
300
Laws in the 1870s South that required backcountry farmers to fence in their animals rather than crops.
What is fence laws?
400
He guided the Union to victory as Lincoln's Secretary of War. After Lincoln's assassination, he ordered extreme treatment, including sensory deprivation hoods, for Booth and other conspirators. Affiliated with radical Republicans, he clashed with President Andrew Johnson, who saw him as a spy and dismissed him in 1867 to test the Tenure of Office Law.
What is Edwin M. Stanton?
400
A wealthy tobacco industrialist, he made tobacco profitable in the post-Civil War “New South.” Funded the university re-named for him in Durham, NC.
What is James B. Duke?
400
Crime ring run by Grant administration insiders, including his personal secretary. Stole millions by evading the 70 cents/gallon whiskey tax. Ring leaders recruited and blackmailed distillers, rectifiers (wholesalers and re-processors), gaugers (those who measured output), storekeepers, revenue agents, and Treasury clerks.
What is the Whiskey Ring?
400
1865 constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in all of the United States. “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
What is the Thirteenth Amendment?
400
System that gave landless farmers access to small, inefficient plots in exchange for a share (usually 1/2) of crops. Caused nearly slavery-like subsistence for blacks, but also trapped poor whites who had raised little cotton before the Civil War. Related to tenant farming.
What is sharecropping?
500
"Spokesman of the New South." Managing editor of the Atlanta Constitution in the 1880s. Gave an 1886 speech that promoted economic diversity, growth, modernism, increased industrialism, and dampening of racial tensions and separatist feelings. Sought northern investment.
What is Henry W. Grady?
500
As a Union general, this West Point math prof required troops to attend prayer & temperance meetings. As Freedman's Bureau head, he supported black suffrage and land distribution. Integrated his DC church. Founded a DC university. Unarmed, negotiated an honored treaty with Cochise of the Chiricahua Apache in AZ Territory.
What is O. O. Howard?
500
Term coined by Senator Charles Sumner. Referred to President Ulysses Grant's supposed one-man dictatorship, political patronage and nepotism. Speech which debuted the term was used as political platform for the Liberal Republican Party and helped launch Horace Greeley as the party's presidential candidate in 1872.
What is Grantism?
500
1867 act, probably unconstitutional, forbidding the president from dismissing Senate-confirmed federal officials (including cabinet) without Senate approval. Aimed at Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's successor, to prevent him from firing his inherited Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton.
What is the Tenure of Office Act?
500
Starting in 1880s, southern laws passed to form a legal basis for racial segregation and exclusion of blacks from political participation. Created a racial caste system.
What is Jim Crow laws?
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