What is stress.

This is a force that acts on an area of rock to change its shape or volume.

What is magnitude.

This is the number that geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquake's size.

What are creep meters, tiltmeters, laser-ranging devices, and satellite monitors.

These are the kinds of equipment that geologists use to monitor the movement of faults

What is drop, cover, and hold.

The best way to protect yourself during an earthquake is?

What is a fault.

This is a break in the rock of the crust where rock surfaces slop past each other.

What are tension, compression, and shearing

These are the three different kinds of stress that have occurred in the crust over millions of years and have changed the shape and volume of rock.

What are the Mercalli scale, the Richter scale, and the Moment Magnitude scale.

These are the three commonly used methods/scales of measuring earthquakes.

What is a seismogram.

This pattern of lines, is the record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph.

What is shaking, liquefaction, aftershocks, and tsunamis.

A major earthquake can cause great damage. What are the causes of earthquake damage?

What is a normal fault and a reverse fault.

This first type of fault that is formed when plates diverge, or pull apart, while this second type of fault is formed when plates are pushed together.

What are anticlines, synclines, folded mountains, fault-block mountains, and plateaus.

These are the five kinds of landforms caused by plate movement.

What is seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake away from the focus, and those waves that reach the surface become surface waves.

This is how energy from an earthquake reaches the Earth's surface.

What is P waves arrive first, then S waves, and finally surface waves.

This is the order in which seismic waves arrive at a seismograph station.

What is along the Pacific coast in California, Washington, and Alaska.

This area of the United States has the highest earthquake risk?

What are normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults.

These are the three main types of faults.

What is compression produces anticlines, synclines, and folded mountains.

These are the three types of landforms produced by compression in the crust.

What is The Mercalli scale measures the intensity or strength of an earhtquake at a given place. The Richter scale measures the magnitude or strength of an earthquake in terms of the size of the seismic waves and is accurate for small, nearby earthquakes. The Moment Magnitude scale measures the total energy released by an earthquake. It can rate earthquakes of all sizes, near or far.

Explain in detail what each (earthquake) scale measures.

What are changes in elevation, tilting of the land surface, and ground movements in faults.

Geologists have designed instruments to monitor faults that measure these 3 types of land movement.

What is locating where faults are active, where past earthquakes have occurred, and where the most damage was caused.

Geologists can determine earthquake risk by locating 3 important factors.

What is the forces of plate motion push and pull the Earth's crust so much that the crust eventually breaks

This is why faults often occur along plate boundaries.

What is where two plates move away from each other and tension forces create normal faults.When two normal faults parallel each other, a block of rock is left lying between them. As the hanging wall of each normal fault slips downward, the block in between moves upward, forming a fault-block mountain.

This is the process that produces fault-block mountains.

What is P waves: compress and expand the ground, move through sloids and liquids, are the fastest moving waves. S waves: vibrate from side to side and up and down as they travel and move only through solids. Surface waves: Move along the surface and move more slowly than P & S waves, and can produce violent ground movements.

Explain in detail the kind of movement produced by each of the three types of seismic waves.

What are mapping faults, monitoring changes along faults, and trying to predict earthquakes.

These are the three ways in which geologists use seismographic data.

What is the size of the earthquake, distance from the epicenter, local geology, and the type of construction in the region.

The affects of an earthquake on any region vary and depend on these 4 factors.

What is In a normal fault the hanging wall slips downward. In a reverse fault the hanging wall slides up and over the footwall. In a strike-slip fault the rocks on either side of the fault slip past eacher other sideways, with little up or downmotion.

This explains the rock movement (hanging wall) for normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults.