Which energy system is the main producer of energy during a marathon?
Aerobic system
100
What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
ATP has 3 phosphate molecules, ADP has 2 phosphate molecules.
100
Which energy system is predonminant during a 100m race?
ATP-PC system
100
What does EPOC stand for?
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
200
What does PC stand for?
Phosphocreatine
200
What is VO2 max?
The maximum amount of oxygen that can be taken in and used per minute.
200
What is ATP short for?
Adenosine triphosphate
200
Name the three substances which carbohydrates, fats and proteins are broken down into.
Glucose, fatty acids and amino acids
300
Why is energy produced much more quickly from the PC system compared to the aerobic system?
Much less reactions take place in order to resynthesise ATP.
300
What chemical is produced as the end product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
300
During aerobic energy production energy is produced through the processes of glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and the electron transport chain. Which of these also occurs in anaerobic energy production?
Glycolysis
300
How many molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose during aerobic energy production?
36 (net production)
300
Name the two components of EPOC.
The fast (alactacid) component and the slow (lactacid) component.
400
How many molecules of ATP are produced for every molecule of PC that is broken down?
one.
400
How many molecules of ATP are resynthesised for each molecule of glucose that is broken down during anaerobic energy production?
Two
400
What are the points at which blood lactate levels reach 2mmol/L and 4mmol/L also known as?
The lactate threshold and OBLA (onset of blood lactate accumulation)
400
State a factor of recovery that doesn't require oxygen.
Restoring muscle glycogen levels.
400
Name three aspects of the fast component of EPOC?
Resynthesising PC, resynthesising ATP, resaturating myoglobin with oxygen.
500
Explain how lactic acid is produced.
Lactic acid is produced when hydrogen ions released from glycolysis and Kreb's cycle join with pyruvic acid. This occurs when there is no longer oxygen molecules available to join with the hydrogen.
500
Name 4 effects of training on the aerobic system
Cardiac hypertrophy, decreased HR, increased SV, increased capilliarisation of muscle, increased haemoglobin/myoglobin, increased number and size of mitochondia.
500
Name 3 factors that affect your VO2 max.
Surface area of alveoli, red blood cell/haemoglobin levels, capillary density in lungs/muscles, transfer of O2 to mitochondria via myoglobin, take up and use of O2 by mitochondria.
500
Here is the chemical formula for pyruvate and lactic acid:
C3 H4 O3
C3 H6 O3
Which is which and how do you know?
The second one is lactic acid. This can be worked out because we know lactic acid is formed when excess hydrogen joins to pyruvate so it must therefore contain more H than pyruvate.
500
How long does it take to resynthesis 75% of PC levels?