Period 1 & 2
Global exchange of living things (people, animals, plants diseases) between the Old World, and New World.
Columbian Exchange
A 1794 uprising by farmers in western Pennsylvania in response to enforcement of an unpopular excise tax on whiskey.
Whiskey Rebellion
Series of evangelical Protestant revivals extending from the 1790s to 1830s that prompted thousands of conversions and widespread optimism about Americans' capacity for progress and reform.
Second Great Awakening
Agricultural system that emerged during Reconstruction where landowners allowed tenants to use their land in exchange for a share of the money made from the crops.
Sharecropping
Journalists and writers who exposed societal issues such as corruption, poverty, and health hazards. They aimed to bring about reform by raising public awareness.
Muckrakers
Proposal by W. Wilson at the Treaty of Versailles to create long-lasting peace across the world. Included principles such as self-determination, free trade, and the League of Nations.
Fourteen Points
Set of domestic programs in the US launched by LBJ aiming to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.
Great Society
First written frame of government in what would be the United States.
Mayflower Compact
A 1797 incident in which American negotiators in France were rebuffed for refusing to pay a substantial bribe. Led the U.S. into an undeclared war that dissolved the American-French alliance.
XYZ Affair
The time period of 1815-1825. Characterized by a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812.
The Era of Good Feelings
Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction to profit from the unstable situation.
Carpetbaggers
Religious movement that arose among Protestant Christians to improve conditions in cities according to Biblical ideals of charity and justice.
Social Gospel Movement
Intellectual, social, and artistic explosion centered in NYC during the 1920s. It saw African American culture being recognized and celebrated across various fields.
Harlem Renaissance
Accusations without evidence aimed at rooting out communists within American society and government during the Cold War era. Synonymous with baseless allegations and scare tactics.
McCarthyism
English laws passed beginning in the 1650s requiring that certain English colonial goods be shipped through English ports on English ships manned by Englishmen, to benefit English people.
Navigation Acts
Imposed taxes on a variety of imported goods, including glass, lead, paint, and tea. They were met with arguably the most resistance, as the colonist's loved tea. Revenue paid despised British officials.
Townshend Acts of 1767
The first women's rights convention in United States history in 1848.
Seneca Falls Convention
Aimed to help former slaves and poor whites in the South after the Civil War through welfare such as food and shelter.
Freedmen's Bureau
Played a crucial role in the rise of labor unions. It focused on organizing skilled workers and negotiating with employers for better wages, working hours, and conditions.
American Federation of Labor
Stricter extension to the Emergency Quota Act that limited the number of immigrants who could be from any country to 2% of the amount of people from that country living in the US in 1890.
National Origins Act of 1924
Provided benefits such as tuition assistance and low-cost mortgages for veterans returning from WWII.
G.I. Bill
System of land distribution that granted land (50 acres) to anyone who paidfor the journey of another to the New World.
Headright System
Resolutions by state legislatures in 1798 condemning the Alien and Sedition Acts. The resolutions tested the idea that state legislatures could judge the legitimacy of federal laws.
The Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
A Supreme court case that established the principle of judicial review. Marked the first time that the Supreme Court assumed legal authority to overrule acts of other government branches.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Unwritten deal that resulted in Rutherford B. Hayes being elected in exchange for the removal of federal troops from Southern states. Known as the end of Reconstruction.
Compromise of 1877
Law passed in 1890; prohibits activities that restrict interstate commerce and competition in business, aiming to prevent the creation of monopolies.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Passed in 1930; raised import taxes significantly with hopes of protecting American farmers and manufacturers from foreign competition during the Depression.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Federal law passed in 1965 that repealed the national origins quotas and attempted to reduce discrimination within immigration practices.
Immigration & Nationality Act
In 1680, Native American Pueblos rebelled against mistreatment from Spaniards; they won, and Spaniards were driven out of the Southwest until 1690.
Pueblo Revolt
Allowed the federal government to sell western lands to pay off the national debt and organize these new lands into townships and public schools.
Land Ordinance of 1785
A series of secret meetings held by New England Federalists during the War of 1812 to discuss grievances and possible secession from the United States, but it ultimately had limited impact.
Hartford Convention
Divided the South into five military districts, each under a Union general, in order to protect the rights of freed slaves and ensure fair elections.
Reconstruction Act of 1867
One of the first settlement houses in the United States, founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in Chicago in 1889.
Hull House
Landmark SCOTUS case in 1944 that upheld the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066 which led to the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.
Korematsu v. United States
Book written by Betty Friedan that is credited with sparking the second-wave feminism in America. It challenged traditional gender roles, arguing that housework didn't fulfill all women's desires.
Feminine Mystique
A negative portrayal of Spanish colonization in the Americas, highlighting cruelty, exploitation, and mistreatment of indigenous peoples by Spanish conquistadors and settlers.
Black Legend
A 1795 treaty between the U.S. and various Indian tribes in Ohio. Negotiators acknowledged Indian ownership of the land, and, in return for various payments, they gave most of Ohio to the U.S.
Treaty of Greenville
Economic depression triggered by a sharp reduction in English capital and credit flowing into the US and Jackon's destruction of the National Bank.
The Panic of 1837
Civil War battle fought on Sep 17, 1862, in Maryland. It is known as the bloodiest single-day battle in US history with around 23,000 casualties.
Battle of Antietam
Established the Civil Service Commission and mandated that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.
Pendleton Act of 1881
Policy adopted by the US in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.
Cash and Carry Program
In 1947, amidst a pivotal moment in American history, John adamantly refused to rub Mr. Mock's feet despite the legal precedent set by Luke v. United States in the 1930s. Mr. Mock, citing the case, demanded the service, igniting a nationwide debate on personal autonomy and contractual obligations. John, renowned for his principles, stood firm, arguing for the sanctity of personal boundaries and bodily integrity. This standoff became a symbol of the ongoing struggle between individual rights and legal precedent. Ultimately, John's refusal to comply left a lasting impact, sparking discussions on consent and the limits of legal authority.
Slave uprising in 1739 in South Carolina when a group of slaves armed themselves, raided 6 plantations, and killed 25 whites.
Stono Rebellion
Convention held during 1786 to create uniform guidelines for regulating trade between states. First official mention of the problems with the Articles of Confederation.
Annapolis Convention
First federally funded road in the United States. A major east-west route that ran from Maryland to Illinois. It was paved with stone and could be used in any weather.
The Cumberland Road
An agreement signed in 1854 between Japan and the US that ended Japan's policy of isolation and opened ports for American trade.
Treaty of Kanagawa
A financial crisis and economic depression that lasted from that began under the presidency of Grover Cleaveland. It was one of the worst economic depressions in the country's history, affecting every sector of the economy.
Series of laws and diplomatic agreements that were initiated in August 1942. It involved the importation of temporary laborers from Mexico to the United States to work in Agriculture.
Bracero Program
Political philosophy championed by Nixon that sought to shift power from the federal government back to states through grants, giving them more control over how they used federal funds.
New Federalism