True/False
Multiple Choice
Terms
Fill in the Blank
Short Answer
100
Bacteria are not living things
False--Yes they are. Viruses however are not.
100
Bacteria can be classified into ___ kingdoms:
a) 1-Eucharia b) 2- Eubacteria & Archaebacteria c) 1-Eubacteria d) 1-Archaebacteria
100
What are Methanogens?
They fall under the category Archaebacteria and live in environments such swamps and the intestines of humans by growing on carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce methane
100
Bacteria can be classified into two kingdoms: ______ and _______.
archaebacteria; eubacteria
100
What are the different roles of bacteria?
1. Recyclers- many bacteria are saprophytes, releasing digestive enzymes into organic material therefore breaking it down into nutrients that other organisms can absorb. Without bacteria, once-living organisms won’t decompose and therefore accumulate and prevent the biosphere from functioning properly. 2. Pollution controllers- through bioremediation some bacteria can consume polluting hydrocarbons. In 1989 there was an oil spill that humans couldn’t clean up. Fertilizer was sprayed to stimulate bacteria growth to start the process of bioremediation. 3. Probiotic agents- these bacteria help maintain health and have the potential to prevent disease. In the future, these bacteria may be included in foods, or in treatments for the ear, intestines, urinary tracts, tooth decay and possibly even cancers. 4. Bacteria in industry- some bacteria produce enzymes that are useful in industrial processes.
200
Bacteria are viruses.
False--Bacteria are living things that are more complex. They are independent and replicate on their own. Viruses simpler and are not living things. They depend on a host to replicate.
200
This type of bacteria live in extremely hot environments such as hot springs by obtaining energy through the oxidization of sulfur
a) thermophiles b) halophiles c) methanogens d) none of the above
200
What is a plasmid?
a single chromosome DNA loop that is the genetic material that floats freely inside the cell
200
Most bacteria are _____, _____ or _____ in shape.
spherical, rod or spiral
200
What are the similarities between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria?
They are unicellular and can stick together in colonies · They have rigid outer walls and a plasma membrane · Cells are prokaryotic so bacteria typically lack membrane-bound structures unlike plant and animal cells that are eukaryotic · A plasmid (a single chromosome DNA loop) is the genetic material that floats freely inside the cell · Reproduction is asexual therefore occurs through binary fission · Bacteria live in moist environments and typically become inactive in dry environments
300
While there are both helpful and harmful bacteria, most bacteria are harmful.
False--Only a handful of bacteria are acutally harmful. Most others take on helpful roles.
300
If environmental conditions are harsh, some bacteria survive by forming,
a) methanogens b) spores c) endospores d) all of the above
300
The gram staining method...
can be used to classify bacteria according to its cell composition and cell-wall types.
300
_____, _____, _____ and _____ are different bacterial configurations.
cocci, bacilli, spirillia, clumps, chains
300
What are Eubacteria?
Eubacteria comprises of organisms that are 0.4 micrometers to several micrometers in length. The most well known organism in the kingdom Eubacteria is Escheria coli or, E. coli. This organisms can be both harmful and helpful to humans. Many live in the human intestine aiding in food digestion and synthesis of vitamin K and B. On the other hand, increased numbers of the bacteria in water shows contamination and is dangerous to human health.
400
Humans are better off without bacteria.
False--Bacteria take on so many helpful roles (i.e. recyclers, bioremediation etc.) We are doomed without them!
400
Even though sexual reproduction is not common, it occurs in some bacteria. This process is called
a) conjugation b) mitosis c) binary fission c) a & c
400
Anaerobic bacteria...
Do not require oxygen to survive
400
Bacteria can grow and reproduce through _____ and _____.
binary fission; conjugation
400
Describe the gram staining method.
The gram staining method developed by Hans Christian Gram in 1884 can be used to classify bacteria according to its cell composition and cell-wall types. Bacteria samples are smeared on a slide, stained with violet dye and fixed with Gram’s iodine. Gram-positive bacteria appear purple in the microscope whereas gram-negative bacteria appear pinkish-red. The amount of peptidoglycan determines the colour of these walls; the more peptidoglycan the more purple they appear.
500
All E. coli are dangerous.
False--While there are certain E. coli that are harmful, such as the ones found in contaminated water, there are certain strains that are completely harmless.
500
During conjugation the donor and recipient make cell to cell contract through a
a) endospore b) sex pilus c) cell cleavage d) none of the above
500
Archaebacteria...
(meaning early or primitive) derived from the first living organisms on Earth. They can tolerate extreme conditions unlike other organisms, including living without oxygen
500
_______ are dormant cells that bacteria form under harsh environmental conditions.
endospores
500
How can Eubacteria be classified?
Eubacteria can also be classified according to shape, configuration, respiration and nutrition. Most organisms are either spherical, rod, or spiral in shape. After division, bacteria group together and form either cocci, bacilli, spirillia, pairs, clumps or chain configurations. Large numbers of cells are referred to as colonies. Some bacteria require oxygen so they are aerobic (ex: bacteria causing tuberculosis) whereas those that don’t are called anaerobic (ex: bacteria causing tetanus).
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