Structure and Bonding
Carbon - 4
Nitrogen - 3
Oxygen - 2
Hydrogen - 1
A double bond consists of what?
A pi bond and a sigma bond
Classification of attractive forces?
1. Dipole-Dipole forces
2. London Dispersion forces
3. Hydrogen bonding in molecules with OH or NH groups
True or False?
Nonbonding electrons are valence- shell electrons that are not shared between atoms
True
What is involved in a condensed structure? And what is involved in a skeletal line structure?
Condensed structures show all the atoms but omit most of the bonds.
Skeletal line structures show all the bonds but omit most of the atoms.
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Approach of two polar molecules
Molecules are oriented so positive and negative ends together = the net force is sttractive
How to calculate formal charge?
[group number] - [nonbonding electrons] - 1/2 [shared electrons]
Sp orbital
Two orbitals - s and p combine
Linear electron pair geometry
180 degree bond angle
Calculate the formal charge:
Formal charge of Carbon : CCl2
Formal Charge of Nitrogen : (CH3)2NCH2
Formal Charge of Oxygen : NO
Carbon = -2
Nitrogen = -1
Oxygen = -2
Sp2 orbital
Three orbitals - One s and two p combine
Trigonal Planar geometry
120 degree bond angle
Write the lewis structure for CH3(CH2)6CH3
Drawings
Sp3 orbital
Four orbitals - One s and three p combine
Tetrahedral electron-pair geometry
109.5 degree bond angle