Gibbs Free Energy
Enzyme Catalysis
Oxidation
Reduction
Metabolism
Where Energy Comes From
100
These are the three properties of standard conditions
What is pH 7, all reactants initially at 1M concentration, and 25C
100
In this model, both the substrate and the enzyme undergo a conformational change upon binding to ensure that they are able to become bound
What is induced fit model
100
This type of reaction can involve losing an e-, losing a hydrogen and gaining an oxygen
What is oxidation
100
What subdivision of metabolism would you find oxidation/reduction reactions?
What is fueling
100
Which of the following has the highest energy bonds? Acetyl-CoA, ATP, phosphoenolpyruvate, glucose-6-phosphate
What is phosphoenolpyruvate
200
What type of reaction is this? A + B --> C + D + energy
What is an exergonic reaction
200
T/F: In enzyme-catalyzed reactions none of the substrate is diverted to nonproductive side-reactions. T/F: No wasteful by products are formed
What is True, the specificity of the enzyme’s active site ensures that!
200
The reduced substance of a redox couple whose reduction potential is more negative (donates/accepts) electrons to the oxidized substance of a redox couple whose potential is more (negative/positive)
What is donate, pos
200
Complete the following steps to create proteins from RNA. Amino acid + ATP --> aminoacyl AMP + PPi PPi with the help of pyrophosphatase is broken down in a highely exergonic reaction Aminoacyl~AMP + _____ --> aminoacyl~tRNA + ___ Aminoacyl~tRNA --> _____ Also, which subdivision of metabolism would you find this process?
What is polymerization reactions tRNA, AMP, polypeptides
200
This process in aerobic respiration produces 1 ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation & 14 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation is
What is the citric acid cycle
300
How do you salve for the change in free energy during a reaction?
What is ∆G0´ = Σ Gf (products) – Σ Gf (reactants)
300
This type of cofactor is loosely bound to enzymes, and comes from most derivatives of vitamins such as NAD+/NADH
What is a coenzyme
300
This is the direction of the reaction in which the delta G is positive and the Ecell is negative
What is spontaneous in the reverse direction
300
Which subdivision of metabolism would you find chemical modification of macromolecules, as well as the formation of appendages, nucleoid and enzyme complexes?
What is assembly reactions
300
True or false, the electron transport chain is a series of membrane associated electron carriers arranged in order of increasingly more negative Eo'
What is false, increasingly more positive
400
Which of the following reactions would proceed the fastest? One with a ∆G0´= -237 kJ, or one with a ∆G0´= -500 kJ
What is NEITHER. A free-energy calculation tells us only whether energy is released or required in direction written as it goes to equilibrium; it says nothing about the rate of the reaction
400
T/F: If a reaction is nonspontaneous, the gibbs free energy is able to become negative upon the addition of an enzyme catalyst
What is FALSE
400
Which of the following represents the electron-accepting half reaction, which one represents the electron-donating half reaction? Which atom is the electron donor, which is the electron acceptor? H2 --> 2 e- + 2H+ 1/2 O2 + 2e- --> O2-
1/2 O2 + 2e- --> O2- What is H2 --> 2 e- + 2H+ donor- H2 acceptor- 1/2 O2
400
Which subdivision of metabolism would you find the amino acid synthesis?
What is biosynthesis
400
Change in this subunit facilitates the change of ADP to ATP in the ATPase
What is the beta subunit
500
T/F: Enzymes are highly specific and catalyze only a single type or class of reactions T/F: the substrate binds to the enzyme active site with weak covalent bonds
What is True, False
500
The factor by which an enzyme can speed up a reaction
What is 10^8 to 10^20
500
When looking at an oxidation/reduction reaction, which form, the oxidized or the reduced will be on the SAME side of the equation as the free electrons?
What is the oxidized form (oxidized form + e- --> reduced form)
500
If you have just completed gluconeogensis, what subdivisions of metabolism have already occurred?
What is fueling
500
Much of the methane produced in our gut or in swamps is produced by this process
What is anaerobic respiration
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