What is bidirectional?

The idea that developmental psychology is a two way street (for example, children's behavior is influenced by their parents, which in turn influences the parents)

What are reflexes?

Automatic motor behaviors triggered by specific types of stimulation. Fulfill important survival skills, such as sucking.

what are Erikson's stages?

8 stages that cover development over the entire lifetime with specific focus on identity development.

What are primary emotions?

a small number of emotions believed by some theorists to be cross-culturally universal.

What is drive reduction theory?

Our motivation to minimize aversive states and achieve a level of psychological or physical homeostasis

What are teratogens?

environmental factors that can harm prenatal development

What is attachment?

An emotional connection measured in Ainsworth's strange situation

What is the frontal lobe?

This part of the brain continues to develop into late adolescence?

What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?

The theory of emotion that emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli called what?

What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Inverted U-shaped relation between arousal and performance

What is a blastocyst?

A ball of identical cells, each with no specific function

What is insecure- avoidant attachment>

A type of attachment where the infant is indifferent when parents depart and demonstrates little reaction to the parent returning

What are chronological age, biological age, psychological age, social age, and functional age?

Concepts used to determine the idea of "old age"?

What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

A theory stating that when we see a bear while hiking in the forest, the sight of the bear triggers both fear (the emotion) and running (the reaction) at the same time.

What is Maslow needs hierarchy?

this theory suggests that we must satisfy physiological needs and needs for safety and security before we can reach self-actualization.

What is Down syndrome?

A genetic disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21 - often a 'packaging error.'

What are Kohlberg's three major levels of moral development?

1) preconventional 2) conventional 3) postconventional

What cognitive functions decline with age?

Decline in recall, sensory processing (vision, hearing, and smelling), and processing speed.

What is the two-factor theory of emotion?

1) we experience undifferentiated arousal 2) we search for cues that explain why we were aroused, when we determine the source for the arousal we label that arousal with an emotion.

What is extrinsic motivation?

People are motivated to increase or maintain a behavior due to external incentives

What are some risks of being born prematurely?

smaller birth weight, babies are less physically developed, babies are less cognitively developed.

What are conservation tasks?

Tasks that requires children to understand that despite a transformation in the physical presentation of an amount, the amount remains the same. These tasks can be performed at the concrete operations stage, between 7 and 11 years old.

What are Kubler-Ross' five stages of death and dying?

1) denial 2) anger 3) bargaining 4) depression 5) acceptance

What is the facial feedback hypothesis?

the theory that blood vessels in the face feed back temperature information to the brain, altering our experience of emotions.

What is excitement/arousal phase?

pleasure and physiological changes as part of sexual response