This type of material is a relatively brief and specific instance that supports the point you are making.
What is an example?
100
This type of material compares items from different classes (e.g., the mobility of a car is compared to the freedom of a bird) to support your point and make your ideas clear and vivid.
What is a figurative analogy?
100
This type of material uses the opinions of others to clarify or support your point.
What is testimony?
100
These numerical data are summary figures that help you communicate the important characteristic of a complex set of numbers.
What are statistics?
100
As a general rule, this is the best presentation aid; another type of presentation aid, the model, is a replica of this.
What is the object itself?
200
This type of material is a longer and more detailed instance that supports the point you are making.
What is an illustration?
200
This type of material compares items from the same class (e.g., comparing two cars, comparing two cities) to support your point and make your ideas clear and vivid.
What is a literal analogy?
200
This type of material supports your point by citing the opinions, beliefs, predictions, or values of some authority.
What is expert testimony?
200
When using numerical data to support your point, this statistic is the arithmetic average of a set of numbers.
What is the mean?
200
This type of presentation aid may be useful for charting differences over time, clarifying how a whole is divided into parts, or comparing different amounts of sizes.
What is a graph?
300
When you offer a specific example to support the point you are making, that example should have this quality so that it directly supports your proposition.
What is relevancy?
300
This type of supporting material defines the meaning of a term or concept by tracing its historical or linguistic development.
What is definition by etymology?
300
This type of material supports your point by citing the report of someone who saw an event or situation.
What is eyewitness testimony?
300
When using numerical data to support your point, this statistic is the most score in an array (e.g., more students scored 85 than any other grade).
What is the mode?
300
This type of presentation aid may be useful for identifying key points in your speech or showing the steps in a process.
What is a word chart?
400
When you offer a specific example to support the point you are making, you should make clear whether the example is real or whether it has this quality.
What is hypothetical?
400
This type of supporting material defines the meaning of a term or concept by citing an expert or commentator.
What is definition by authority?
400
When using this type of material to support your point be sure to stress the competence, objectivity, and recency of the source.
What is testimony?
400
When using numerical data to support your point, this statistic allows you to express a score as a portion of 100.
What is a percentage?
400
This type of presentation aid is useful for showing such things as geography, population density, immigration patterns, the spread of diseases, and more.
What is a map?
500
This is an example told in story-like form.
What is a narrative?
500
This type of supporting material defines the meaning of a term or concept by noting what it is NOT.
What is definition by negation?
500
These numerical data are unmodified by any mathematical operation.
What are raw numbers?
500
When using numerical data to support your point, only use data with these two qualities.
What are reliable and current?
500
When using this type of presentation aid it is best to project or display the aid for the whole audience to see, because passing it around the audience would distract listeners.
What is an image (i.e., photograph or illustration)?