Dogs & Cats
What body systems are most commonly affected by leptospirosis?
Liver, kidneys
Where do the lesions of FMD usually appear?
Hooves/coronary band, snout, mouth, teats
Chytrid in frogs is caused by what type of pathogen and colonizes which body part?
Contagious fungus, only infects the skin
What are some contagious fungal diseases we've discussed?
Snake fungal disease
Candida auris
WNS
What are the 3 main components of a One Health approach?
Health of:
Animals
Humans
Environment
FeLV/FIV: Which is the "nice cat" disease and which is the "mean cat" disease? Which one affects adults and which affects kittens?
FeLV: Licking/grooming (nice cats)
FIV: Fighting/biting (mean cats)
FeLV more in kittens; FIV more in adults
How do cattle usually become exposed to brucellosis?
Ingestion/oral contact with aborted materials, etc.
Name at least 3 species we've discussed that can become infected with (and symptomatic for) canine distemper.
Big cats
Giant pandas
Raccoons
Island foxes
Are all NTDs slated for eradication campaigns?
What is the next disease on the docket?
No; each disease has its own target.
Guinea worm is nearly eradicated.
Name diseases we've discussed that are caused by Paramyxviridae.
Measles
Rinderpest
Nipah/Hendra
Newcastle
CDV
What are the vectors of:
Heartworm disease
Leishmaniasis
African swine fever
Mosquito
Sandfly
Soft tick
Why should you not perform a necropsy in suspected anthrax cases?
Bacilli will sporulate if exposed to the air; they will all be dead after 72 hours.
How do sea otters become infected with toxoplasmosis (and what type of pathogen is it)?
Cat feces (definitive host) runoff into ocean, taken up by marine invertebrates, eaten by otters.
How is Ebola transmitted?
What is meant by "Disease X"?
The next pandemic - potentially much more deadly than Covid.
What is unique about the transmission of Bartonella to cats, and how do they transmit it to humans?
Flea deposit feces on cat; cat inoculates itself by scratching. NOT transmitted by the flea bite itself. Cats give to humans via scratches.
What is similar and what is different between BSE and CWD?
Similar: prion-borne, extremely prolonged incubation period, neurological signs, 100% fatal
Different: CWD not known to be zoonotic, CWD has some specific hallmark clinical signs
What body systems are impacted by Chlamydia in koalas?
Eyes, urinary, repro
What are 3 simple, inexpensive things that can be done for children in the developing world with diarrheal diseases?
Oral rehydration salts
Zinc supplements
Breastfeeding
What tools are available to us to control human diseases vs. animal diseases?
Animal diseases can be controlled via strict quarantine/isolation and/or testing/culling, whereas human diseases must abide by many ethical constraints
Unique traits of cats related to infectious disease transmission?
Litterbox congregation
Allogrooming
Large litters
Carnivores, feed on rodents
What are reasons for 1) a false positive and 2) a false negative on a TB caudal fold test?
False positive: Other Mycobacteria
False negative: Animal has poor immune response
How do Tasmanian devils transmit DFTD to one another?
Biting and fighting inoculates the next animal with tumor cells
How is Hantavirus transmitted and what body system does it impact?
Transmitted by mouse reservoir - usually exposure to aerosolized dried droppings. Severe respiratory pathogen.
What factors make an ID more likely to emerge?
RNA
Viruses
Host jumping