Unit 1
Draw the homeostasis balance and label the following: effector, afferent pathway, efferent pathway, receptor, control center
N/A
How many layers are found in thick vs. thin skin? Where is thick & thin skin found?
thick-5 (palms, fingers, sole), thin-4 (everywhere else)
What is the myelin sheath? What are the nodes of ranvier?
protein/fatty substance covering that insulates the axon to speed up transmission of impulse, gaps within the myelin
What is the E division & what is the D division in the ANS?
E: sympathetic, excitement, exercise, emergency
D: parasympathetic, defecation, diuresis, division
What are the 3 body planes and what do they split?
coronal- ant/post, sagittal-R/L, transverse- sup/inf
What are the stages of interphase & what happens in each stage?
G1-growth, S-DNA synthesis, G2-preparation
What is a bursa? What is a tendon sheath?
fluid filled sac to assist with cushion within the joint, elongated bursa
What is the difference between direct and indirect attachments?
direct-fused, indirect-tendon or aponeurosis
What are the different photoreceptors of the eye? What are they responsible for?
rods- dim light & peripheral, cones- colors & bright light & acuity
What are the 3 steps of tissue repair?
inflammatory, proliferation, maturation/remodeling
What are the 4 classes of connective tissue?
connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue, blood
Define sprain, strain, subluxation & dislocation.
sprain-ligament, strain-muscle/tendon, subluxation-partial, dislocation: joint out of alignment
What are the 3 parts of the diencephalon & explain the function of each?
thalamus-relay station, hypothalamus-homeostasis, epithalamus-pineal glad/sleep-wake cycle
What is a nerve plexus?
interlacing nerve network in which nerves get redistributed
Draw & label the layers of the epidermis & dermis.
N/A
What are the 3 types of cartilage and where are they found?
hyaline-nose & rib connection, elastic-ear & epiglottis, fibrocartilage-disc
Explain the differences between apocrine & eccrine (note as many as possible).
apocrine- armpit & genitals, sweat + fat, odor when met with bacteria
eccrine- palms & feet, heat/emotionally induced, 99% water w/salt
What is the difference between graded vs. action potential?
graded- short, dendrites/cell body, action-axon, activated by graded
What are the 3 categories of taste buds and explain their location?
fungiform-all over the tongue, vallate-larger/deeper, foliate-lateral
What are the two main types of contraction & what are the subcomponents? (explain each)
isotonic- change length (concentric, eccentric), isometric- same length
What are the 3 types of cell junctions & please define them?
tight-impermeable, desmosomes-leaking, gap-communicating
Explain the process of bone remodeling (2 parts).
resorption: clasts dig, secrete minerals & enzymes, released into the blood and then apoptosis. deposition: blasts come in, release proteins and calcium, calcium crystallizes to form the bone
Give an overview of muscle contraction (components & process).
actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin, calcium. neuromuscular junction, excitation, coupling, cross bridge cycle
What are the 12 cranial nerve pairs in order?
olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlea, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
What are the differences between intrinsic & learned reflexes?
intrinsic- inborn, no help from brain, unlearned
learned- practice/repetition, automatic but had subconscious effort prior