Plants: The beginnings + other stuff
As far as scientists can discern, all life, plant and animal is derived from______
______.
aquatic biomes
The first plants to colonize land had to adapt to very different conditions than existed in the water: What were those conditions?
-Unfiltered sunlight
- Wind
- Limited ways to move reproductive cells around
As conditions changed, the new plants responded and adapted. the next evolutionary change was for plants to develop _______ cells that carry _____ and _____ to the cells
specialized, water, nutrients
The features that really allowed plants to dominate Earth's surface came in the form of ___________ and ________.
plant sperm(pollen), fertilized plant eggs(seeds)
The latest evolutionary progression for plants is the one we are most familiar with - _________________, or angiosperms.
flowering plants
These were the first "plants":
How thick were they?
Had ____ (for photosynthesis) and ___ ____ for structure
green algae
- about a single cell thick
- Chloroplasts, and cell walls
What did the first plants develope to reduce drying out?
Protective layers
Why did these plants develop a waxy coating?
To reduce water vapor loss during the day
The first plants to exhibit these physical features were _____
gymnosperms
These types of plants now dominate Earth’s surface and account for about ____of the total plant species.
angiosperms, 85%
Why did they live near water sources?
to move sperms and eggs around
What are some vascular, non-seeded plant characteristics?
greater height, found farther from open water sources, "tubes" (vasculature) to carry water to cells, reproductive spores
Describe some of the characteristics of gymnosperms
These plants grow taller, have more branches, a large root system, and structures that protect seeds (cones). These features allow the plants to grow farther from water sources and enable them to use another means for fertilization - the wind, not water.
What are some Angiosperm Characteristics?
Angiosperm characteristics: have brightly colored flowers, seeds are protected by fruit, specific pollinators, unique seed dispersal mechanisms
Characterized by no vasculatur: _____________
living near water sources, often in shade, small and low growing
What are some exaples of plants with vascular but no seeds?
club mosses, horsetails, ferns
What do the features of the gymnosperms allow them to do that they weren't able to do?
These features allow the plants to grow farther from water sources and enable them to use another means for fertilization - the wind, not water.
What are some examples of angiosperms?
Examples: roses, corn, oaks, daisies, lilies, dragon fruit trees, cactuses, sycamores, magnolias, etc.
What are some current examples of these first plants?
Liverwort, moss, hornwort
What are some Examples of Vascular plants with naked seeds or gymnosperms?
Examples: pines, firs, larches, spruces, sequoia, redwoods, junipers