Fundamentals and Building Materials
Who wrote "De Architectura" or the Ten Books on Architecture
Vetruvius / Marcus Vitruvius Pollio
What were the two most important ideas behind Roman Architecture?
Symmetry and Proportion
Venues for plays and performances. Often built with carefully arranged seating and elaborate stage buildings
Theaters
What force did the aqueducts generally rely upon in order to transport water over long distances reliably?
Gravity
Parts of a system that help to reduce the amount of effort required to move heavy objects.
Pulleys and Levers
What material was used especially for it's association with luxury?
Marble
This order was defined by simple, sturdy columns and plain capitals.
Doric Order
Large public complexes with community baths, exercise areas, gardens, and social spaces
Thermae
Stone relief carvings used to portray gods, emperors, military victories, and important historical figures.
Sculptures/Statues
What tool was used to measure the passage of time using the suns shadow?
The Sundial
What was added to Roman concrete which made it "self-healing?"
Limestone Clasts (Chunks)
This order was defined by scroll-shaped capitals called volutes, and slender columns
Ionic Order
The term for a central reception space of a traditional Roman house. Sometimes features and opening in the roof, and a shallow pool to collect rainwater
Atrium
Images and patterns made from small pieces of stone, ceramic, or glass called Tesserae. Often used on floors and walls.
Mosaics
How many days are in the Roman year according to the Julian calendar?
365
What two main eras were large inspirations for Ancient Roman architecture?
Etruscan and Ancient Greece
The final of the three Orders. Known for elaborate capitals with carved acanthus leaves. Especially popular in Roman monumental structures.
Corinthian Order
A Private urban house occupied by the wealthy, often organized around an entrance hall and an open central courtyard.
Domus
Painted wall decorations created by applying pigments to fresh plaster. Common in wealthy Roman homes, villas, and public buildings
Frescoes
Which construction device of the time required a human operator to turn a wheel to generate lifting power?
The Treadmill Crane
What was the Roman word for the material added to concrete and mortar which allowed it to set underwater?
Pozzolana (Volcanic Ash)
What term was used as a term to describe a combination of the second and third of the Three Classical Orders?
Composite Order
Multi-story apartment which housed many ordinary Roman people. These structures suffered from overcrowding, fire hazards, and even structural collapse.
Insulae
Engineering solution used by Ancient Roman engineers to bring water across deep valleys without building bridges
The Inverted Siphon
This invention known in the ancient mediterranean world, used rotational force to move water upwards for irrigation and drainage.
The Archimedean Screw