Exam 1
Physical Methods
Chemical Methods
Antibiotics
Miscellaneous
100
This is the major component of bacterial cell walls
What is peptidoglycan?
100
This type of heat is more effective at killing microbes
What is moist heat?
100
Between 70% and 100% alcohol, this is the one that is a more effective disinfectant
What is 70% alcohol?
100
This was the first antibiotic ever discovered
What is penicillin?
100
This is the removal of all life from a surface or object
What is sterilization?
200
Gram positive cells stain ____ in color and Gram negative cells stain ____ in color
What is purple and pink?
200
These are the two types of Pasteurization and their uses
What is high-temperature-short-time (HTST), used for milk and ice cream, and ultra-high temperature (UHT), used for shelf-stable boxed products like juice?
200
These compounds are used as common disinfectants and antiseptics since they're non-toxic. An example is benzalkonium chloride
What are quaternary ammonium compounds?
200
This is the phase of bacterial/fungal growth at which antibiotics are produced
What is stationary phase?
200
These viruses are harder to kill and thus require more robust control methods than their counterparts
What are naked viruses?
300
This cellular structure aids in the motility of cells
What is a flagella?
300
This is the amount of pressure needed to kill microbes
What is 130,000 psi?
300
This sterilant is broken down into oxygen and water by catalase
What is hydrogen peroxide?
300
This is a measure of selective toxicity and must be high in order to receive FDA approval
What is therapeutic index?
300
This is the amount of time it takes to kill 90% of the cells in a population
What is decimal reduction time or D-value?
400
This phase of bacterial growth involves rapid division
What is the log/exponential phase?
400
This type of radiation cannot remove endospores, but it disinfects by introducing thymine dimers
What is UV radiation?
400
This potentially carcinogenic sterilant is used on heat and moisture sensitive items like disposable petri dishes
What is ethylene oxide gas?
400
This is the amount of time it takes 50% of the antibiotic to be eliminated from your body and determines dosage frequency
What is half life?
400
Name three things that can affect the selection of an antimicrobial procedure.
What is the number of microbes, the environmental conditions (presence of organics, pH, temperature), the type of microbe present, the composition of the item, or the risks of infection (critical vs semi-critical vs non-critical)?
500
This microbe stains acid fast
What is Mycobacterium?
500
These are the conditions for autoclaving
What is 121°C, 15 psi, and 15-20 minutes?
500
This phenolic compound is put into soaps and lotions in hospitals, as it is particularly effective against S. aureus
What is hexachlorophene?
500
This penicillin-class antibiotic was made to be penicillinase resistant
What is methicillin?
500
Name three methods of food preservation.
What is salting, drying, adding high sugar content, Pasteurization, or refrigeration?
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