1066
Importance of the Battle of Hastings
Normans take over England/ end of Anglo Saxon England
Describe the feudal system
Structure of medieval society from the king down to the peasants. Give and take system used to maintain structure.
Who were the Seljuks
Central Asian tribe, move west and displace everyone in their way, take over HL, cut off pilgrimages, start to chip away at the Byz Empire
What were the reasons given by Urban II for the First Crusade
1) Reclaim the HL from Muslims
2) protect pilgrims
3) help the Byzantines
Give a brief rundown of William the Conqueror and his time as King of England (3)
Harrying of the North, removal of the Anglo-Saxon lords, hated by the end of his reign, Chilliam, ect
Explain why medieval cities were granted special status and what that meant for them. (4)
Directly under the king, makes king richer, cities have more autonomy, city charter, better living, exist outside the feudal system
Explain the differences in the People's and Prince's Crusades
Peoples- zealots, led by crazy hermit, not army, peasants, terrible at everything, die
Prince's- real crusade, led by high nobles, actual armies, not terrible, fight all the time, somehow don't all die
What was the main cause of the Second Crusade
Loss of Edessa and failed attempt to reclaim by ruler Joscelin II
Describe the Battle of Hastings
Anglo-Saxons have to fight after dealing with Harald Hardrada in the north, Harold killed, Anglo-Saxons defeated, William becomes king
Describe either the feudal pyramid (with examples), or the manorial system (defining important terms)
Pyramid- know order (k, hn, ln, p, s) and some of the give and take
Manorial- fief, serf, unlanded nobility, manor system, vassalage
Siege of Nicaea and the Turkish reaction
1st major battle of the FC, Turks don't take it seriously (PtH), realize mistake too late, Byz bring navy to a lake, Turks start burning everything and refuse to fight crusaders
What was the outcome of the Second Crusade
Loss of most of the Crusader States, weakening of the rest
Describe Harold Godwinson's reign (4)
Duke of Wessex and most powerful noble (not really heir of Edward though), had to fight off his rivals, HH in north at Stamford Bridge (moved faster than expected), turned south to deal with William, army tired, defeated at Hastings, last Anglo-Saxon king, ect
Describe the guilds
skilled craftsmen who practice the same trade organizing into groups, control many things in medieval cities (pricing, residence, ability to practice and sell craft), masters highly sought after and valued
How was Edessa formed/ what is it
First Crusader State, formed because the Armenian lord asked Baldwin and Tancred for help against Turks (which they did), then Baldwin lets lord get killed and is declared Count of Edessa
What were the Crusader States (3), how did they function
KoJ, CoE, DoA, PoT, DoG, AC
function like a European feudal society