Bonding
What bond forms when electrons are donated to a non-metal atom from a metal atom?
Ionic bonds
Define oxidation in terms of electron transfer
Loss of electrons
Calculate the relative formula mass of MgO.
O = 16, Mg = 24
40
Define an acid
Proton donor
What is the general formula of the alkanes?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
Why does solid sodium chloride not conduct electricity, but molten sodium chloride does?
Ions are fixed in the solid but can move and carry charge in the molten liquid
Which type of ions move towards the cathode during electrolysis?
Cations
How many moles are present in 12 g of carbon?
C = 12
1 mol
What salt is formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide?
Potassium chloride
What is the name of the alkene containing four carbon atoms?
butane
How many covalent bonds does a nitrogen atom usually form in ammonia, NH₃?
Three
What are electrodes typically made of in an electrochemical cell?
Graphite
Calculate the mass of 0.5 mol of MgO.
O = 16, Mg = 24
20 g
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.
H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
What reagent and observation can be used to distinguish an alkane from an alkene?
Bromine water; alkene decolourises it
Explain why graphite conducts electricity but diamond does not.
Graphite has delocalised electrons that can carry a charge; diamond has no delocalised electrons
What is the name of the negative electrode?
Cathode
What mass of oxygen is required to react completely with 12 g of magnesium? Use 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO.
O=16; Mg=24
8 g
What colour does phenothalein go in an alkali?
Pink
Write the structural formula of the alcohol formed when ethene reacts with steam.
CH₃CH₂OH (ethanol)
Describe bonding in a metal
In the reaction Mg + CuO → MgO + Cu, which substance is reduced?
CuO
Mg → Mg2+ + 2e-
Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu
4.8 g of magnesium reacts completely with excess hydrochloric acid. Calculate the volume of hydrogen produced at room temperature and pressure. Use Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂ and a molar gas volume of 24 dm³/mol.
4.8 dm³
25 cm³ of 0.2 mol/dm³ sodium hydroxide is neutralised by sulfuric acid.
What volume of 0.1 mol/dm³ sulfuric acid is needed?
25 cm³
Ethene reacts with bromine water in an addition reaction. What is the name and structural formula of the organic product?
1,2-dibromoethane; CH₂BrCH₂Br