Social Classes & Labor
Social classes in the colonies were based on these three things.
What are occupation, property, and income?
This region had hilly, rocky soil and a short growing season, so farms were small and mostly fed the family.
What is the New England Colonies?
New England's forests were used to build these, famous for their speed and easy handling.
What are ships (shipbuilding)?
The triangular trade had this many stops (legs).
What is three?
The Great Awakening was a period of religious revivalism that spread through the colonies in this decade period.
What are the 1730s and 1740s?
This class was the largest in the colonies, made up of independent farmers, skilled workers, and tradespeople.
What is the middle class?
This region had broad, fertile land and a moderate climate, producing large crops of wheat and corn for profit.
What is the Middle Colonies?
This product from whales was used as oil in lamps and sold for a lot of money.
What is whale oil?
This was the name of the trade route that exchanged goods, enslaved people, and raw materials across the Atlantic.
What is the Triangular Trade (Atlantic Slave Trade)?
This American revivalist preached "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" in 1741.
Who was Jonathan Edwards?
This upper-class group included plantation owners, wealthy merchants, Puritan clergy, lawyers, and doctors.
Who were the upper class (colonial elite)?
This region had good soil, a warm climate, and a long growing season—ideal for cash crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo.
What is the Southern Colonies?
These products—tar, resin, and turpentine from NC pine trees—were used on ships.
What are naval stores?
Europe traded these goods to Africa in exchange for enslaved Africans.
What are manufactured goods?
This British minister, known as the "Great Itinerant," traveled and preached across North America and Europe.
Who was George Whitefield?
This term describes a person who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America—different from a slave.
Who was an indentured servant?
These three cash crops were the main money-makers of the Southern Colonies.
What are tobacco, rice, and indigo?
Molasses imported from the West Indies was used to make this product, which was traded in the fur and slave trades.
What is rum?
The Americas sent these raw materials to Europe.
What are sugar, cotton, and tobacco?
The Great Awakening emphasized individual spiritual experience over this—the beliefs taught by church leaders.
What is church doctrine?
This lower-class group included indentured servants and enslaved people, and had the fewest rights.
Who was the lower class?
This was the main crop of the Middle Colonies, often called the "breadbasket" crop.
What is wheat?
This metal ore, found in New England, NY, and PA, created industry and wealth (most was sent to England).
What is iron ore?
This term describes the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.
What is the Middle Passage?
Name one effect of the Great Awakening (there are three main ones).
What is: new denominations arose (Methodists, Baptists, Pentecostals) / it unified the colonies / it promoted individual spiritual experience?