The Night Sky
the moon is the Earth's only natural _____. It is a body that orbits a planet
Satellite
There is an invisible line that pierces through the center of the Earth, what is the name of this invisible line?
Earth's Axis
This side of the moon is the only side visible from planet Earth.
Near side
Earth's orbit is not circular. What is technical term for the shape of Earth's orbit around the sun?
Ellipse
What is the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system?
Geocentri: Earth is at the center
Heliocentric: Sun is at the center
A superheated ball of gas composed of hydrogen and helium
Star
one week (7 days)
This occurs when no portions of the moon are visible from Earth.
A new moon
Who is the scientist that formed the universal law of gravitation?
Isaac Newton
The tendency of an object to resist movement is known as what?
Inertia
A collection of stars that humans have given a name is known as a what?
Constellation
This occurs when the Northern or Southern Hemisphere is tilted most strongly towards or away from the sun.
Solstice
When more illumination of the moon is visible each night, it is known by this term. While when less illumination of the moon is visible each night it is known as this.
Waxing; Waning
The force of gravity is affected by two things, distance between objects and what other characteristic?
Mass
These occur halfway between the solstices, and it is when the Earth is not tilted toward or away from the sun.
Equinox
What is the difference between a meteor and a comet?
A meteor is a short streak of light produced as rock or ice burns up in Earth's atmosphere. While a comet is a cold mixture of dust and ice that develops a long tail as it approaches the sun.
How many rotations must Earth complete in order to complete one revolution around the sun?
365 rotations= 365 days in one year
One day on the moon is equivalent to one year on the moon. Why is this?
It takes the moon the same amount of time to rotate around its axis as it does to make one revolution around the Earth.
The ocean rises and falls approximately every 12.5 hours. What is the term for these changes and what causes them?
Tides. They are caused by the gravitational differences between the Earth, Moon, and Sun.
If someone is in the umbra during an eclipse what will they see? What if they are in the penumbra?
Umbra: total eclipse
Penumbra: partial eclipse
What are the qualifications to be considered a planet
-an object that orbits a star
-is large enough to be rounded by its gravity
-has cleared the area of its own gravity
What is the main determining factor for seasons on planet Earth? In december what season is it in the southern and northern hemispheres and why?
The tilt of Earth on its axis.
In december it is winter in the northern hemisphere because we are tilted away from the sun and it is summer in the southern hemisphere because they are tilted toward the sun.
This Eclipse occurs when the moon comes between the Earth and the sun while the other type of eclipse occurs when the Earth is directly between the moon and the sun.
Solar Eclipse ; Lunar Eclipse
During the first and last quarter of the moon phases, what angle is created between the Earth, moon and the sun? What kind of tide does this create?
90 degrees, Neap tide
What kind of phase of the moon causes a spring tide? What happens to water levels on Earth?
During new moons or full moons. Because of the combined gravitational pull from the moon and the sun, there will be the highest high tide and lowest low tide.