Function
what is the function of chlorophyll?
to absorb light energy from the sun and convert it into light energy
does the chloroplast contain 80s or 70s ribosomes?
70s
What is the primary pigment found inside chloroplasts that absorbs light energy?
Chlorophyll
What are palisade mesophyll cells positioned vertically?
Cells are tightly packed vertically to maximise the amount of light absorbed
Chlorophyll converts _____ energy into __________
1. light
2. chemical energy
What is the main function of palisade mesophyll cells?
To absorb light for photosynthesis
chloroplast is surrounded by a _________
double-membrane
Chloroplasts have their own DNA. What shape is this DNA?
Circular DNA
Why does the spongy mesophyll cells need to have a moist membrane?
Moist membrane to allow CO2 and O2 to dissolve into the liquid, making gas exchange highly efficient
What are the two types of chlorophyll?
A and B
Chloroplast provide the ____ needed for the guard cells to ________
1. ATP
2. Open and close
What are the structural features of thylakoids?
flattended membrane sacs
How does chloroplast store glucose in order to prevent osmotic damage to its double membrane?
Chloroplasts prevent osmotic damage by converting soluble glucose into insoluble starch.
Why does the spongy mesophyll cell contains chloroplast?
Contains a lower density of chloroplasts to capture any residual, lower-intensity light that penetrates the upper leaf.
What wavelengths does chlorophyll absorb?
Chlorophylls absorb wavelengths in the blue and red regions of the light spectrum
How does the structure of the air spaces in the spongy mesophyll layer aid its function?
Air spaces reduces resistance to gas diffusion
What is the structure called when thylakoids are stacked on each other?
Grana
How does the double membrane regulate exchange of substances such as CO₂ entering and sugars across the membrane?
The inner membrane contains selective transport proteins that controls the flow of molecules between the stroma and the cytoplasm
Guard cell contains ________ that detect light (especially blue light/visible light) that acts as _________ that signal for the opening and closing of the ________
1. chloroplast
2. photoreceptors
3. stomata
Besides chlorophyll, what is the other type of pigment found in chloroplast?
Carotenoids
Which structure is the site of light-dependent state and light-independent stage in photosynthesis?
Grana is the site of the light-dependent stage and the stroma is the site of the light-independent stage
What is the structure of the stroma?
- gel-like fluid that fills the chloroplasts and surrounds thylakoids
- contains enzymes
The granal stacks create a ______ surface area for the presence of many photosystems (structures responsible for responsible for absorbing light energy) which allows for the _______ absorption of light.
1. large
2. maximum
The thylakoids membranes in _________ concentrates in __________ and photosystems to ___________
1. grana
2. chlorophyll
3. maximise light absorption
What’s the difference between chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B?
Chlorophyll A is the principal pigment directly responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy. Chlorophyll B acts as an accessory pigment that captures light and funnels that energy to chlorophyll A