Interaction with the World
European states used this policy to draw resources from colonies in the New World and elsewhere.
What was mercantilism?
The defeat of this invading force by an English fleet in 1588 contributed to a sense of naval superiority that extended into the twentieth century
What was the Spanish Armada
Term used for Russian nobility
Who were the boyars?
In much of Europe, this form of rule became established during the 17th and 18th centuries which limited the nobles’ political participation while enhancing the authority of kings / queens.
What was absolute monarchy?
Country in which the Agricultural Revolution began
What is the Dutch Republic or the Netherlands?
Grooming focus for Peter the Great as part of his effort to "westernize" Russia
What were beards?
This Russian Czar worked as a shipwright in Amsterdam to learn more about shipbuilding.
Who was Peter the Great?
As demand for New World products increased in the 17th and 18th centuries, this system of forced labor expanded across the Atlantic.
What was the transatlantic slave-labor system?
The Dutch Republic emerged from a Protestant revolt against this ruling house.
Who were the Hapsburgs?
Absolute monarchies reduced this group’s participation in governance but preserved its social standing and legal privileges.
Who were the nobility or aristocracy?
William and Mary accepted this settlement which helped establish parliamentary sovereignty in England.
What is the English Bill of Rights?
This company with headquarters in Amsterdam was one of the first to sell shares of stock to investors.
What was the Dutch East India Company?
New relgious choice provided to rulers of states in the Holy Roman Enpire by the Peace of Westphalia
What was Calvinism?
This type of Dutch ship was designed to carry a maximun of cargo while retaining the speed to outrun ships from other countries.
What was the fluyt?
Name given to the sea passage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic
What was "the Middle Passage?"
The inability of this "monarchy" to consolidate authority over its nobility contributed to its partition by Prussia, Russia, and Austria in the 1700s.
What was Poland?
Term for the tax collectors in France under Richelieu and Louis XIV
Who were intendants?
This French minister made use of mercantilis policies to extend central authority under Louis XIV.
Who was Jean-Baptiste Colbert?
This new type of business developed in the Netherlands and England to offer protection to investors in case their ventures failed.
What is the insurance business?
This European country became a safe haven for many Jews during the 1600s.
What was the Dutch Republic?
or
What was the Netherlands?
This 12 - 16 foot weapon was often used by infantry soldiers to discourage cavalry attacks against musketeers.
What was a pike?
General availability of sugar, tea, tobacco, rum, coffee, and imported fabrics in the 1600s and 1700s helped encourage this shift in European purchasing attitudes.
What was the development of a consumer culture?
The English massacre of this Irish community inspired even greater resistance to Cromwell's control of Ireland in the 1600s.
What was Drogheda?
Under this system, workers in rural homes produced materials that merchants mangaged in order to create finished products away from guild restrictions.
What is the putting-out system, or cottage industry?
Geographic feature that Louis XIV fought a series of wars to attain as the northern border of France.
What is the Rhine River?
Name given to the process that took place in England when landowners chose to build walls around their fields in order to raise sheep.
What was enclosure?
English scientist whose book Principia was translated into Russian on the orders of Peter the Great.
Who was Isaac Newton?
This type of wind driven machine was used by the Dutch to drain water from land so it could be used for farming.
What was a windmill?
Name assigned to the spice islands in SE Asia after the Dutch displaced the Portuguese as the dominant European power in the region.
What was the "Dutch East Indies?"
In the Dutch Republic, this governing arrangement of urban gentry and rural landholders promoted trade and protected traditional rights.
What was an oligarchy?
The Dutch Republic’s governing oligarchy included these two social groups, whose interests it sought to protect while promoting trade.
Who were the urban gentry and rural landholders?
King of England who was beheaded in 1649 after losing the English Civil War to Parilament and Cromwell's New Model Army
Who was Charles I?
Type of flower that became part of an investment bubble in the Netherlands in the 1630s
What is the tulip?
Dutch artist whose painting Massacre of the Innocents reflected the persecution of Dutch Calvinists by Spanish soldiers.
Who was Pieter Bruegel the Elder?
This new application of optical lenses in the 1600s enabled Dutch sailors to identify hostile ships at a great distance than with the naked eye.
What was the telescope?