Divided We Fall, United We Stand
These two processes during meiosis create genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material and distributing homologous chromosomes
What are crossing over and independent assortment?
This genotype is used as a testcross to determine the genotype of an individual showing a dominant phenotype.
What is a homozygous recessive genotype?
This term describes a heterozygous individual carrying a recessive allele without displaying the recessive condition.
What is a carrier?
DNA replication is described by this term because each new DNA molecule contains one parental strand and one new strand.
What is semiconservative?
This process uses DNA as a template to produce an RNA molecule.
What is transcription?
Diploid cells have 2 complete set of chromosomes (2n). Haploid cells have 1 set (1n). This type of cell division creates 4 haploid cells (that have 1 set of chromosomes)
What is meiosis?
Two heterozygous pea plants are crossed for two independently assorting traits. This is the expected phenotypic ratio.
What is 9:3:3:1?
A person with blood type A can have either IᴬIᴬ or this heterozygous genotype.
What is A/i?
This enzyme separates the two DNA strands during replication, while heat performs the separation step in PCR.
What is helicase?
Before leaving the nucleus, eukaryotic pre-mRNA undergoes this process to remove introns.
What is splicing?
These genes act as the brakes of the cell cycle and can promote apoptosis.
What is tumor suppressor genes?
An individual with genotype AaBbDd can produce this many genetically different gamete combinations through independent assortment.
What is 8?
A red flower and a blue flower produce purple offspring. This inheritance pattern explains the intermediate phenotype.
What is incomplete dominance?
These fragments are synthesized on the lagging strand because DNA polymerase works only in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This RNA modification adds a long sequence of adenine nucleotides to the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA
What is polyadenylation (addition of a poly-A tail)?
This error is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis can produce gametes with abnormal chromosomes.
What is nondisjunction?
In an AbDd × AaDd cross (dihybrid), this is the probability of an offspring being recessive for both traits (aadd).
What is 1/16?
A female carrier of an X-linked recessive colorblindness and a male with normal vision have a daughter. This is the probability that their daughter will be colorblind.
What is 0%
A base substitution changes a codon but leaves the amino acid unchanged. This is the name of that mutation.
What is a silent mutation?
In an operon, this gene codes for a protein that can repress transcription.
What is a regulator gene?
During oogenesis, the first meiotic division produces one secondary oocyte and this smaller cell
What is a polar body?
Two heterozygous plants (Aa × Aa) produce an offspring displaying the dominant phenotype. This is the probability that the offspring is heterozygous.
What is 2/3?
This gene on the Y chromosome can affect typical male anatomical development when mutated.
What is SRY?
A mutation changes an mRNA codon from UAU to UAA, causing translation to end prematurely. This is the name of that type of mutation.
What is a nonsense mutation?
A base substitution changes a codon but leaves the amino acid unchanged. This is the name of that mutation.
What is a tRNA?