Concepts
Effect
A result or consequence of an event. These may be immediate or long-term, a different group can experience them in different ways
What was the 1981 Springbok tour
South Africa's national rugby team, the Springboks, toured Aotearoa New Zealand in 1981. The tour divided the country because South Africa was governed under apartheid.
What protective gear did many anti-tour protesters wear during the clashes to protect themselves from police batons?
Motorcycle helmets (or bicycle helmets) and heavy padding
Which South African national team toured New Zealand in 1981, sparking nationwide controversy?
The Springboks
Who was the Prime Minister of New Zealand during the 1981 Springbok Tour who refused to stop the tour, stating that "politics should be kept out of sport"?
Robert Muldoon
Cause
Something that helps make an event happen. Historical events usually have several contributing factors, including long-term conditions and short-term triggers
What was apartheid?
South Africa's system of legal racial segregation and white-minority rule. It restricted where people could live, work, learn and travel according to race
What infamous July 29, 1981 protest outside Parliament in Wellington saw police use batons against peaceful protesters for the first time during the tour?
The Battle of Molesworth Street
On July 25, 1981, a match in Hamilton was famously canceled. Which local team were the Springboks scheduled to play before protesters invaded the pitch?
Waikato
Who was the leader and main spokesperson for HART (Halt All Racist Tours) during the 1981 protests?
John Minto
Whakapapa
Genealogy and the connections between people, places and events across generations. In history this concept helps us trace how the past is connected to people and issues today
Define the concept of a "Sporting Boycott" as used against South Africa during the 1970s and 1980s.
A form of political protest where international teams refused to compete against South African teams to pressure their government into ending Apartheid.
What was the name of the elite, heavily armed police riot unit deployed to manage anti-tour crowds and secure match venues?
The Red Squad
What major city hosted the turbulent 3rd and final Test match on September 12, 1981, where fights broke out outside the stadium and flour bombs dropped onto the pitch?
Auckland (at Eden Park)
What is the name of the key South African historical figure who advocated for Apartheid to end in South Africa
Nelson Mandela
Mana
Authority, status, influence and dignity. This can be strengthened or damaged by a person's or group's actions and by how others treat them.
What does the acronym H.A.R.T. stand for?
Halt All Racist Tours
How was a plane used in protest during one of the games?
It was used to drop a flour bomb
How did the NZRFU (New Zealand Rugby Football Union) and police ensure the second Test match went ahead in Wellington after the Hamilton game was canceled?
They encircled Athletic Park with shipping containers, erected tall barbed-wire fencing, and deployed heavy police cordons to keep protesters away from the field.
Tūrangaeaewae
A place where a person has the right to stand and belong. It is connected to identity, genealogy, whenua and a sense of belonging
What does the term "Honorary Whites" mean in the context of previous All Black tours to South Africa?
A status given to Māori and Pasifika players by South Africa so they could travel and play on all-white grounds without violating Apartheid laws.
How did the Gleneagles Agreement of 1977 relate to the actions of the anti-tour protesters in 1981?
Protesters argued the New Zealand Government was breaking the Gleneagles Agreement, which committed Commonwealth leaders to discourage sporting contact with Apartheid South Africa.
Why do you think people like Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress (ANC) watching the anti-tour movement in New Zealand so closely from South Africa?
Because international boycotts and protests signaled to Black South Africans that the world opposed Apartheid, isolating the regime globally and boosting the morale of political prisoners and freedom fighters.