19th century leaders
The German president and foreign minister of Prussia who masterminded the unification of Germany.
Who was otto van Bismarck?
This philosophy is centered on individual rights, liberty, consent of the governed, and equality before the law. It advocates for limited government, democracy, free markets, and protection of personal freedoms.
What is liberalism?
These series of wars were fought between different coalitions of European states against France at the beginning of the 1800's.
What are the Napoleonic Wars?
This alliance of Russia, Prussia and Austria of 1815 was dedicated to the protection of Christian principles.
What is the Holy Alliance?
This nation was often called the "sick man of Europe"
What was the Ottoman Empire?
The last king to rule France, he came to power after the 1830 revolution, supporting liberal values and a constitutional monarchy, but was forced to abdicate during the 1848 revolution.
Who is Louis Philip?
This ideology developed in the 1800's and advocated for public ownership of the means of production.
What is socialism?
This war between France and Germany started by the discovery of the Ems telegram, orchestrated by Otto van Bismarck in order to further his goals of complete German unification.
What is the Franco-Prussian war (1870-71)?
These nationalistic revolutions against many European nations lead to the downfall of Metternich and the conservative dominance of Europe.
What were the revolutions of 1848?
The form of government after the abdication of Louis Philippe in 1848.
What is the French Republic?
He was a Piedmontese statesman, a conservative whose exploitation of international rivalries and of revolutionary movements brought about the unification of Italy (1861) under the House of Savoy, with himself as the first prime minister of the new kingdom.
Who is Count di Cavour?
This ideology was developed by Karl Marx during the 1800's when he looked back at history and saw a constant occurrence of class struggle.
What is socialism?
This war between Russia and the Ottoman empire started in 1853.
What is the Crimean war?
This treaty ended the Napoleonic wars and reinstated the French monarchy in order to maintain the principle of legitimacy in Europe in 1815.
What was the Congress of Vienna?
This was declared in 1871 in Versailles?
What was the German Unification?
He was a patriot and soldier of the Risorgimento, a republican who, through his conquest of Sicily and Naples with his guerrilla Redshirts, contributed to the achievement of Italian unification.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
This extreme form of patriotism developed in the 1800's that lead to the unification of many European areas such as Germany and Italy, as well as rebellions against monarchies in Europe.
What is nationalism?
This war against Austria was fought by Piedmont.
What is the Italian unification?
Spain become this in 1840.
What is a Constitutional Monarchy?
This nation faced little threat of revolution in 1848 due to their history of gradual parliamentary reform.
What is England?
He was a German was a revolutionary, sociologist, historian, and economist. He published The Communist Manifesto, and was the author of the movement’s most important book, Das Kapital.
Who is Karl Marx?
This term, coined in 1853, was used to describe politics focused on reality rather than romanticism. The primary goal was the security and benefit of the state, decisions were made to achieve specific, often cold, calculations of power, ignoring moral or ethical considerations.
What is realpolitik??
These wars in the mid-1800's were caused by the British government, involving China and India.
What were the Opium Wars?
This territory was protected by the French (from the Italians) until its annexation in 1970.
What were the Papal states ( the Vatican in Rome)?
This multi-ethnic German-dominated empire was ruled by the Habsburg royal family.
What was the Austrian Empire?