H 2 The O
_____ is the clinging of one substance to another.
What is Adhesion?
In plant cells bathed in a hypotonic medium, water rushes inward and generates this outward pressure against the rigid cell wall.
What is Tugor (Turgid) pressure?
This structural plant polysaccharide consists of alternating beta-glucose monomers that form straight chains cross-linked by hydrogen bonds
What is Cellulose?
In globular proteins soluble in aqueous environments, amino acids with these types of R-groups cluster in the internal core.
What are Hydrophobic (non-polar) R-groups?
This specific covalent bond forms between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another during a condensation reaction.
What are peptide bonds?
_____ is when water is held together through hydrogen bonding.
What is Cohesion?
Pure water at 20 degrees celcius and standard atmospheric pressure is assigned this numerical value for its water potential.
What is 0 kPa?
Plants use this highly branched alpha-glucose polysaccharide as a compact energy storage compound
What is Amylopectin (starch)?
Dietary amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through food are classified as these
What are essential amino acids?
Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires these membrane proteins to allow specific charged ions to pass.
What are channel proteins?
Because water requires a large amount of energy to change its temperature, it has a high value for this physical property, helping stabilize aquatic habitats
What is Specific Heat Capacity?
In the water potential equation, this specific component can only range from zero downward to negative values.
What is solute potential?
These biological reactions build macromolecules from monomers by producing a water molecule, requiring energy from ATP
What are Condensation Reactions?
This term describes the irreversible change in a protein's three-dimensional shape caused by extreme pH or high temperatures.
What is Denaturation?
A cell is _____ when the concentration of solutes inside is greater than the concentration of solutes outside.
What is Hypertonic?
According to current hypotheses, these celestial bodies are believed to be the primary source of Earth's extraplanetary water, which was retained due to gravity and low temperatures
What are Asteroids?
A solution is ____ when the concentration of solutes inside is equal to the concentration of solutes outside.
What is Isotonic?
One molecule of glycerol combines with two fatty acids and one phosphate group via condensation to yield this amphipathic lipid.
What is a Phospholipid?
This cellular complex is responsible for degrading unneeded or damaged proteins to recycle their constituent amino acids
What is a proteasome?
This term describes the region around a star where temperatures are just right for liquid water to exist, making it a primary focus in the search for extraterrestrial life.
What is the Goldilocks zone?
The collective strength of these intermolecular bonds gives water a high surface tension, allowing organisms like water striders to use the water surface as a habitat
What are Hydrogen bonds?
A cell is _____ when the concentration of solutes is lower outside than the concentration of solutes inside.
What is Hypotonic?
Fatty acids lacking carbon-carbon double bonds belong to this category and generally have higher melting points, making them solid at room temperature.
What are saturated fatty acids?
The secondary structure of a protein is stabilized by hydrogen bonds forming between backbone groups to create alpha helices or these pleated sheets.
What are beta-pleated sheets?
Unlike unsaturated fats, trans-fatty acids contain carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides, giving them this physical property at room temperature
What is a solid?