molecules of life
name the six principal elemnts found in the molecules of life
c, h, o, n, p, s
what are the main elements that make up carbohydrates
c,h,o
what reaction join monomers and realeases water
dehydration synethesis
what four groups attach to the central carbon of an amino acid
amino group, carbonyl group, hydrgoen, r group
what is the building block of dna and rna
nucleotide
what is the simplest form of a carbohydrate
monosaccharide
how do saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differ
saturated no cc double bond, unsaturated yes cc double bond
what bond connects amino acids
peptide bond
name the 4 dna base pairs
atcg
what is the dna containing region of a prokaryotic cell called
nucleoid
what is the difference between statch and gylcogen
starch stores energy in plants while glycogen stores energy in animal cells
what are the two types of monosaccharides based on carbonyl position
aldose have a terminal carbonyl. ketone have an internal carbonyl
what does amphipathic mean
having both a water loving and water hating side
what are the n-terminus and the c-terminus, and how many peptide bonds are in an amino acid
n terminus has a free amino group; c-termius has a free carbonxyl group. n-1 peptide bond
what are r plasmids and f plasmids
r plasmids can carry antibiotic resistance, f-plasmids help transfer dna between bacteria
what is an organic compound characterized by
typicaly contains carbon bonded to hydrogen
name four carbohydrates catergories and an example of each
monosaccarides(gluocse), disaccraides (sucrose), oligosaccarides(raffinose), polysaccharide (starch).
what happens to melting point as fatty-acid unsaturation increases
it generally decreases; flexibility increases
what determines the unique shape and chemical protperies of an amino acid
r-group (side chain)
how do the sugars in dna and rna differ
dna has deoxyribose; rna has ribose with a 2' hydroxl group
explain dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
dehydration removes water and joins bonds, hydrolysis adds water to break a bond
how do alpha and beta glucose differe? what do cellulose and chitin do?
alpha, oh points down, beta, oh points up. cellulose supports plant cell walls; chitin supports fungal walls and arthropod exoskeleton.
describe a phospholipid and its roll in the cell membrane
a hydrophilic head and teo hydrophobic tails; phospholipid from a selectively permeable bilayer
explain the four protiens structures and denautration
primary: sequence, secondary: local folds; tertiart; one chains 3d shape. quaternary: multiple chains. denature changes shape and may impair function.
describe the 70s ribosome, membrane infolds, microcompartments, and magnetosomes.
70s ribsome: 50s+30s subunits, make protiens. infolds increase membrane sa. microcompartments organize reactions. magnetosomes help bacteria orient using earths magentic field.