O1 - Measuring Crime
What is Prohibition Amendment?
The 18th amendment, passed in 1919 that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcoholic beverages.
A federally funded resource offering justice and drug-related information to support research, policy, and other programs.
National Criminal Justice Reference Service
The process of being victimized or becoming a victim of a crime.
Victimization
Theories based on the concept that victims themselves precipitate, contribute to, provoke, or actually cause the outcome of their victimization.
Victim-Precipitation Theories
refers to behaviors and attitudes of social service providers that are victim-blaming and insensitive, and which traumatize victims who are being serviced by these agencies.
Secondary Victimization
The world's oldest and largest nonprofit membership organization of police executives. This published the first national report of crime in the United States in 1927.
The Uniform Crime Report
What is Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics?
Established in 1973, the Sourcebook Of Criminal Justice Statistics brings together data from more than 200 sources about many aspects of criminal justice in the United States.
The gathering, analysis, and interpretation of crime data.
Crime Statistics
this theory states that individuals are targeted based on their lifestyle choices. Specific lifestyle choices expose them to criminal offenders. A person’s everyday activities that will predict the chances of being exposed to a high-risk situations that can result to a victimization.
Lifestyle Theories of Victimization
is a private, nonprofit organization of victim and witness assistance practitioners, criminal justice professionals, researchers, former victims, and others, committed to recognizing victims’ rights in four areas: national and local legislative advocacy, direct victim assistance, member support, and professional development.
National Organization for Victim Assistance
What is Violent Crime Index
The annual study of violent criminal rates and occurrences.
A primary source for criminal justice statistics that compiles reports on many aspects of the criminal justice system, including data about federal, state, and local criminal justice.
Bureau of Justice Statistics
When crime data is made from one time period to another.
Longitudinal Comparisons
A sub-field of crime opportunity theory that focuses on situations of crimes. The premise of routine activity theory is that crime is relatively unaffected by social causes such as poverty, inequality, and unemployment.
Routine Activities Theory
provided counseling,information,referrals,and direct assistance to crime victims, as well as support and training to victim advocates.
President’s Task Force on Victims of Crime
An old police method of counting only the most serious crime in a single incident involving multiple crimes.
Hierarchy Rule
What is Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1992?
Required college campuses to make a public disclosure of crimes occurring on their campuses whether or not these crimes were reported to the police.
Crackdowns on crime by police in larger cities that cause offenders to relocate to the suburbs or rural areas that have fewer law enforcement resources.
What is Dislocation?
the study of victims and their patterns of victimization.
Victimology
referred to the rights offered by the states that is guaranteed to person who has been the victim of any crime, despite specifics differing from state to state, the general rights are the same.
Crime Victims’ Rights Act
What is Clearance Rate?
The percentages of crimes solved versus crimes unsolved.
A law requiring the collection of data like the frequency and seriousness, regarding all incidences of violence in elementary and secondary schools.
What is Safe & Drug-Free Schools & Communities Act of 1996?
one of the earliest ways that the FBI used to present crime data in a way that people could understand. The Clock reports how often a crime happens, and is used to show that crime happens almost all the time.
Crime Clock
refers to the concept that people who associate regularly with others engaged in unlawful behavior are more likely to be victimized because of their increased exposure to high risk situations and environment.
Differential Association
A situation in a civil case when an attorney agrees to forgo payment in return for a percentage of the potential settlement
Contingency