DNA/RNA Structure
The four nitrogenous bases in DNA
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
DNA is found in the ______.
What is the nucleus?
In RNA, adenine always pairs with its complementary base pair _________ .
What is uracil?
He is credited with the discovery that the amount of G's was roughly equal to the amount of C's (and A's with T's) in several samples of DNA.
Who is Erwin Chargaff?
Scientists who created the first complete 3-D model of DNA by stealing work
Who are Watson and Crick?
Type of bond that holds nitrogen base pairs together in a DNA molecule
What are hydrogen bonds?
The complimentary strand of DNA by listing the corresponding bases in the correct order.
GTC TAC GAT ATC
What is CAG ATG CTA TAG?
Proteins are made up of smaller subunits called __________.
What are amino acids?
Free floating nucleotides are attached to newly exposed ones by this enzyme
What is DNA polymerase?
The scientist who discovered the shape of DNA molecules
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
A nucleotide is made up of
What is a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base?
Replication is said to be semiconservative. What does this mean?
What is half is kept and passed on to the next generation?
A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for __________.
What is an amino acid?
Name the four enzymes involved in DNA replication and their functions.
What is
Helicase - unwinds DNA
Primase - initiates replication
DNA polymerase- brings in free nucleotides
Ligase- "glues" fragments together?
This is where translation takes place
What is the cytoplasm?
Names the two bases that are purines AND name the other group and its two bases
What are adenine and guanine?
What are pyrimidines and cytosine and thymine?
______ fills the gaps between Okazaki fragments in order for nucleotides to bond.
What is ligase?
A three base sequence found on tRNA
What is an anticodon?
Most of the amino acids of a protein are incorrect due to this type of mutation.
What is deletion or insertion (frameshift) mutations?
A three base sequence of mRNA is called ______.
What is a codon?
Describe three differences between DNA and RNA...
To get full credit explain in detail.
What are sugars, the strands, and where they take place?
Place in the correct order:
A. Two strands of DNA separate and nitrogen bases become exposed
B. Two identical DNA molecules form
C. "Free nucleotides" pair up with exposed nucleotides
D. DNA unwinds from it helix and unzips the strands
What is D, A, C, and then B?
Place the following steps in order:
A. tRNA with its amino acids bind to mRNA strand to translate message
B. amino acid breaks from the tRNA to form a polypeptide
C. mRNA transcribes sequence of DNA nucleotides and carries to cytoplasm.
D. single strand of DNA serves as template
What is C, D, A, and then B?
What type of mutation did Hayden have in Cracking the Code and what disease did he have?
Hint. It is the same type of mutation as Progeria.
The bond between amino acids
What are peptide bonds?