Abnormal Behavior
What does dysfunctional with regards to mental health?
Interfers with day-to-day living.
What are the 3 anxiety disorders?
General anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias
What are the two forms of mood disorders?
Major depressive disorder
Bipolar disorder
What is schizophrenia
being split from reality
What is the current name of the disorder of having multiple personalities?
Dissociative Identity Disorder
What is a psychological disorder?
"Clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion, or behavior" (APA, 2013).
What is the definition of OCD?
being troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions
How is Bipolar Disorder different from Major Depressive Disorder?
Sufferers alternate depression with period of mania, a highly energetic, optimistic state.
What is the difference in brain activity for patients with schizophrenia?
People with schizophrenia have less synchronicity of neural firing in the frontal lobe.
What behavior describes a Personality Disorder?
inflexible behavior
What is psychopathology?
a diagnosis based on symptoms that may be treated through therapy and/or hospitalization.
What factors impact the Biological Perspective of Anxiety Disorders?
natural selection, genes, and the brain
How does imaging via PET scans differ during a depressed state and a manic state?
The depressed brain image has no glucose consumption while the manic brain image shows glucose consumption.
What are three primary symptoms of schizophrenia?
delusions
hallucinations
inappropriate emotions
inappropriate motor behavior
What are the three most common eating disorders and how are they manifest?
Anorexia nervosa is when, typically young females, are >15% underweight and continue to not eat.
Bulimia nervosa patients alter between binging and purging to lose weight.
Bing eating is eating excessive amounts without purging.
What are the psychological influences of the biopsychosocial model of mental illness?
stress, trauma, learned helplessness, mood-related perceptions and memories.
For people who suffer from PSTD what are the most typical triggers?
war, surviving accidents, disasters, violent and/or sexual assault.
According to Seligman, what factors increase incidence of depression among young Westerners?
Rise of individualism and decline of religion force people to accept responsibility for failure and/or rejection; thus, making it their problem.
What two areas of the brain are active during schizophrenic hallucinations?
thalamus and amygdala
What are the four types of Personality Disorders and what are their behaviors?
Schizoid Personality Disorder = odd behavior
Histrionic Personality Disorder = drama kings & queens
Narcissistic Personality Disorder = self-focused & self-inflatiing
Antisocial Personality Disorder = socio- or psychopath
List 5 protective factors for Mental Disorders.
aerobic exercise
community offering empowerment, opportunity, & security
economic independence
effective parenting
feelings of mastery and control
feelings of security
literacy
positive attachment & early bonding
positive parent-child relationships
problem-solving skills
resilient coping with stress and adversity
self-esteem
social and work skills
social support from family & friends
Explain how the Learning perspective applies to anxiety disorders.
For Classical and Operant Conditioning:First there is a stimulus generalization and then reinforcement.
For Observational Learning: behavior repeated after observing another (usually a parent) demonstrating fear.
For Cognition: anxiety suffers are hyper vigilant about observations.
What are the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder?
A person must have 2 of the following lasting more than 2 weeks:
depressed mood
diminished interest or pleasure
significant weight loss or gain
insomnia or sleeping too much
physical agitation or lethargy
fatigue or loss of energy
feeling worthless, or excessive guilt
problems in thinking or concentrating
recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
What are the risk factors for schizophrenia?
prenatal flu exposure
low-birth weight
maternal diabetes
older paternal age
oxygen deprivation during delivery
famine
genetics
What is the difference between a somatic symptom disorder and a conversion disorder?
A somatic symptom disorder has physical symptoms which also have a medical explanation while a conversion disorder symptoms have no medical or biological explanation.