Ch.2
The unit system for science measurements, based on the metric system.
SI units
anything that occupies space and has a mass
matter
this is what does the dissolving?
solvent
what does the law of conservation of energy state?
energy is neither created nor destroyed
Heat has units of energy and is the transfer or exchange of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference
Temperature, is a measure of the thermal energy of matter, NOT the exchange of it.
Identify the difference between weight and mass.
mass is the quantity of matter. weight is the measure of gravitation pull on the matter.
identify the difference between atoms (elements) and molecules (compound)
atoms are particles that cant be broken down smaller (elements). molecules are multiple atoms bonded together (compound)
a _____ is the minority component in a solution
solute
Name the five types of energy.
kinetic, potential, electrical, thermal, and chemical.
define heat capacity?
the quantitiy of heat required to change the temperature of a given amount of the substance by 1'c
A measure of space (cm^3, m^3, etc...)
Volume
define a pure substance v.s. a mixture. Give an example of both.
pure substance: is composed of only one type of atom or molecule. Ex) water or oxygen
mixture: composed of 2 or more different atoms or molecules in different proportions. Ex) air, water/oil, teaIdentify a physical change and a chemical change.
Extra credit: what is sublimation?
physical change: boiling water, odor, vaporization
chemical change: flammability, iron rusting.
sublimation is when it goes from a solid straight to a gas.
name 3 out of the 4 units of energy
Cal
cal
Joules
kWhmetals are to the left of the staircase, metalloids are the staircase, non-metals are to the right of the staircase.
The ______ of a substance is the ratio of its mass to its volume
Density
define homogenous v.s. heterogenous
homogenous: cant distinguish the different parts.
heterogenous: can distinguish the different partsthis is the capacity to do work
Energy
what is the difference between Cal and cal?
Calories with a capital C is nutritional.
state whether the main group or transition elements are predictable and which is less predictable?
Extra Credit, draw where the protons, nuetrons, and electrons are? (include there charge)
Main group is predictable
Transition elements are less predictable
(i will draw the graph)
Name four SI base units
1. meter
2. kilogram
3. second
4. kelvin
name 2 properties of a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
solid: oscillation, atoms/molecules are close together, definite shape, definite volume, incompressible.
liquid: free to move relative to one another, atoms/molecules are close together, shape indefinite, definite volume, incompressible.
gas: free to move relative to one another, atoms/molecules are far apart, indefinite shape, indefinite volume, compressible.
_____ is defined as the result of a force acting on a distance.
work
In an _____ reaction, energy is released.
In an ______ reaction, energy is absorbed.Identify each variable in the equation and what the units are.
q=m x C x Delta T
q= heat (J)
m=mass (g)
C= specific heat capacity (J/g 'c)
Delta T= temperature change ('c)