Vitamin D & DLD
What is the # value of 25(OH)D concentration that would indicate vitamin D deficiency?
<20
(>30 normal, 20-30 insufficiency, <20 deficiency)
Myxedema crisis is to _____, as thyroid storm is to _____.
hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism
pheochromcytoma
Oxytocin & ADH
What is the typical treatment at diagnosis for type II diabetics?
metformin & lifestyle modificaitons
Name 5 things that might be seen on physical exam in a child with Ricketts:
Delayed closure of fontanelle, frontal bossing, craniotabes
Rachitic rosary
Harrison's groove
Pectus carinutum
Genu varus
Patient presents post-op parathyroidectomy. Preceptor shows you that the patient's facial muscles twitch when he taps the facial nerve. What is the immediate treatment that comes to mind?
IV calcium gluconate
What is the difference between Cushing's Disease & Cushing's Syndrome?
Cushing's Disease is due to a lesion at the pituitary gland causing over secretion of ACTH which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce more cortisol.
SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)
List the diagnostic criteria for diabetes (same for both type I & II):
A1c > 6.5
FPG (fasting plasma glucose) >126
2-hour glucose tolerance test >200
Random plasma glucose >200 + hyperglycemia symptoms
Who should be screened for osteoporosis?
>65 y/o females, >70 y/o males, any adults with a fracture, & 60-64 y/o females with increased risk factors (glucocorticoid therapy, Hx of smoking, etc.)
What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?
Single parathyroid adenoma
Overnight dexamethosone suppression test
Desmopressin
Which type of diabetes has the following characteristics:
- Onset at childhood
- Immune modulated
- DKA common
- Pancreatic beta cell destruction
type I diabetes
This disease is a localized disorder of bone remodeling resulting in structurally disorganized bone laying ("woven bone"). Patient might present with a chief complaint that there hats do not fit anymore.
Paget's disease
Which antithyroid medication is indicated in the 1st trimester?
Propylthiouracil
Hyperpigmentation occurs in this disease, in addition to weight loss & hypotension, due to a precursor molecule breaking into MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone).
Addison's disease
What type II diabetes medications are good for weight loss?
GLP-1 RA or SGLT2-I
(GLP-1 RA: liraglutide, exanitide)
(SGLT2-I: empa, cana, dapaflozin)
What is included on a complete lipid panel?
total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides
(LDL has to be calculated; to be accurate triglycerides have to be <400)
A 40-year-old woman presents to the office complaining of fatigue, dry hair, constipation, weight gain, and poor memory for about six months. On further questioning, she even states that in the summer she likes to wear a jacket. What condition do you suspect based on the above presentation?
Hypothyroidism
What is something that causes ectopic ACTH production?
Small cell lung cancer
List what occurs with MEN 2B:
mucosal membranes, marfanoid body habitus, medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma
Which type II diabetes medications are good for chronic kidney disease?
Empagliflozin & Canaglifozin