Biodiversity
What is species richness?
Species richness refers to the number of species present in an ecosystem
What is another name for a heterotroph?
Consumer
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Define Microevolution
Small scale variation of allele frequencies within a species or population
5
Draw the Simpson's Diversity Index on the board
D = 1 - [Sum of n(n-1) / N (N-1)]
How much biomass is lost from primary consumers (87403 biomass) to secondary consumers (14146)?
84%
Describe the three main components that make up a loaded-tRNA molecule
Amino acid - tRNA structure - Anticodon
A population of red, blue and green frogs which over hundreds of years loses green alleles due to chance refers to what allele frequency factor?
Genetic drift
Define a silent mutation
A silent mutation occurs when a base changes but results in a different codon that codes for the SAME amino acid, therefore not changing the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain
What is a limitation of line transects as a surveying technique?
- They only record organisms that are directly on or near the line → species that are more spread out, hidden, or patchily distributed may be missed.
- If very dense area, it could be very time consuming
- etc.
Explain why there can only be limited tertiary consumers in an ecosystem in regards to energy transfer?
Due to the amount of energy lost through trophic levels, there is not enough energy to sustain many tertiary consumers
What is the difference between transcription and translation
Transcription is when the mRNA strand is created by DNA polymerase enzyme from the template strand.
Translation is when the mRNA strand is read by tRNA and used to create polypeptide chains in the ribosomes within the cytoplasm
Explain the difference between Lemarkism and Darwinism?
Lemarkism describes the process of acquired characteristics from a parent or ancestor
Darwinism describes the process of small mutations which are either selected for or against resulting in that characteristic being passed on
What happens in metaphase during mitosis?
- Centrosomes are now at polar ends of the cell
- Chromosomes convene on the metaphase plate
- Spindle fibres attach to kenetochore of sister chromatids
Name all of the linnaean taxa from largest to smallest
Domain (Okay if not mentioned), Kingdom, Phylum, Class, order, family, genus, species
Explain the role of nitrogen fixing bacteria
Bacteria that absorb elemental nitrogen (N2) from the atmosphere and convert it to nitrates (NO3-) or ammonium ions (NH4+) which is usable by plants
Name factors that can regulate the expression of genes
- Chemical modification of chromatin
- Chemical modification at transcription
- Gene regulatory proteins
- Environmental factors
- Epigenetics
Two similar looking land-dwelling species are found either side of a river. Name two methods of gathering evidence to suggest whether they are from a common or uncommon ancestor
- Protein analysis
- Gel electrophoresis
- DNA profiling
- homologous/analogous structures
What could cause a primary succession and secondary succession to occur?
Provide an example for each
Primary - Volcano erupting resulting in lava flow, retreating glacier, newly formed sand dune
Secondary - Tree falling over, fire, land clearing, etc.
What is the difference between a line transect and a belt transect?
Line transect is when you count the individuals along a transect line that intercept it
Belt transect is completing quadrats along the entire or systematic locations along the transect line
Explain the difference between a fundamental niche and a realised niche?
Fundamental niche is the widest potential niche that a species could ideally occupy without competitions, predators or parasites. While realised niche is that ACTUAL niche given the restrictions mentioned above that the species can occupy.
Explain the process of making recombinant DNA
Teachers discretion
Why is the use of fossil records a problematic method for the measurement of species diversity when comparing different time periods?
Fossils can be made through petrified fossils, molds, casts, carbon, trace or preserved. Preserved is the only method that will result in the keeping of animals with no 'hard bits'. This means there would have been countless species that disappeared without a trace.
Define R/K selection and provide an example of each
r - selection: Rabbits
k - selection: Humans