Intro to Soc.
What is the term for the scientific study of social structures?
Sociology
Who is considered to be the founder of Sociology?
Auguste Comte
What are the 3 main theoretical perspectives in Sociology?
functionalist, conflict, symbolic interactionism
Which is the most common form of research that Sociologists use?
surveys
Which type of research takes place in a natural setting?
field research
Name 1 career you could go into with a background in Sociology.
social work, community work, corrections, advertising, college admissions, substance abuse, rehab, family planning, journalism, government, teaching
Who emphasized sociology as a science and introduced feminism?
Harriet Martineau
______ examines large-scale patterns in society, while ______ examines small-scale patterns of society.
Macro-level analysis; micro-level analysis
Name one way that surveys can be distributed.
face-to-face, phone, mail, email
____________ is NOT causation!
correlation
Sociology focuses on the group as Psychology focuses on the _________.
individual
Who was the functionalist who believed that society exists because of agreement among its members?
Emile Durkheim
Which perspective emphasizes social life as being possible only because people attach meanings to things?
symbolic interactionism
True or False: Randomness, question order, and wording all impact survey results.
True
In a study that determines whether how long a students sleeps affects test scores:
Independent variable?
Dependent variable?
IV: hours of sleep
DV: test scores
What is the patterned interactions of people in social relationships (ex: student/teacher relationship)?
social structure
Who was the first conflict theorist who believed that there was a power struggle between classes (bourgeoisie and proletariat); ie: class conflict?
Karl Marx
Which perspective emphasizes how each part/group in society contributes to its stability?
functionalism
In a survey, _____________ questions have a limited set of answers, while _____________ questions are answered in participant's own words.
closed-ended; open-ended
In field research, _______________ research happens when the researcher observes from outside, while __________ research happens when the researcher observes from within the group.
nonparticipant observation (case study); participant observation
Instead of relying on personal factors, Sociologists focus on ________________.
social interactions and explanations
Who was the American sociologist who spent her life working to balance the power in social classes?
Jane Addams
Which perspective emphasizes the role of conflict, competition, and constraint within a society?
conflict theory
An advantage of this research is that it is very efficient, however a disadvantage is there is some unknown to the data collection.
secondary analysis
__________ variable are measured numerically, while __________ variables are defined by its presence or absence in a category.
quantitative; qualitative