Database
The FBI’s yearly publication of where, when, and how much serious crime occurred in the prior year.
What is the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
As a general rule, the crime rate follows the proportion of teens in the population: more kids, more crime! This is an example of which factor of crime factor?
What is age structure
Based on ecological patterns, people who live in what regions are more likely to commit violent, or Part I crimes?
What are large metropolitan areas
Who is more likely to be victim of assault? Men or women
Who are women
A person’s position in the social structure controls his or her behavior. Those in the lowest socioeconomic tier are more likely to succumb to crime-promoting elements in their environment, whereas those in the highest tier enjoy social and economic advantages that insulate them from crime producing forces.
What is the social structure theory
Name 4 of the Part I crimes
What is...murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
Some experts tie increases in the violent crime rate between 1985 and 1993 to the crack epidemic, which swept the nation’s largest cities, and to drug-trafficking gangs that fought over drug turf. This is an example of what crime factor?
What is drug use
According to gender patterns, who is more likely to participate in criminal behavior?
Who are males
Adolescents often stay out late at night, go to public places, and hang out in places where crime is most likely to occur.
Teens spend a great deal of time in the presence of their adolescent peers, the group most likely to commit crime
Criminals are driven by unconscious thought patterns, developed in early childhood, that control behaviors over the life course.
What is the psychodynamic view
Program that requires local police agencies to provide a brief account of each incident and arrest within 22 crime patterns, including incident, victim, and offender information.
What is the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
mass shootings such as the Newtown massacre in 2012 in which the perpetrator, Adam Lanza, is believed to have suffered from mental illness. Adam Lankford studied mass shootings and found that in the 1980s, there were 18; in the 1990s, there were 54; and in the 2000s, there were 87. These are examples of what factors of crime?
What is mental health treatment availability
Based on racial patterns, who is more likely to be arrested for a Part I crime?
Who are African Americans
According to the book, Self-report studies using large samples also show that about 30 percent of black males have experienced at least one arrest by age 18 (vs. about 22 percent for white males), and, by age 23, almost half of all black males have been arrested (vs. about 38 percent for white males).
Unmarried or never married people are victimized more often than married people or widows and widowers. Why?
Unmarried people tend to be younger, and young people have the highest victim risk.
Widows, who are more likely to be older women, suffer much lower victimization rates because they interact with older people, are more likely to stay home at night, and avoid public places.
People will engage in delinquent and criminal behavior after weighing the consequences and benefits of their actions. Delinquent behavior is a rational choice made by a motivated offender who perceives the chances of gain as outweighing any perceived punishment or loss.
What is the Rational Choice Theory
A national survey of approximately 90,000 households, used to estimate the frequency of crime victimization, as well as characteristics of victims.
What is the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Data collected by the National Youth Gang Center show that gang members are responsible for a large proportion of all violent offenses committed during the adolescent years. This is an example of what crime factor?
What are gangs?
The view that extreme social and economic differences among people living in the same community exacerbate criminal activity
What is relative deprivation
If about 50 percent of all violent crimes are committed by strangers, who commits the rest of violent crimes?
What is the other half of violent crimes are committed by people who were known to the victim, including family members, spouses, parents, children, and siblings.
Human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict, and those who maintain social power use it to further their own interests.
What is the social conflict theory
A research approach that requires subjects to reveal their own participation in delinquent or criminal acts.
What is a self-report survey
During the past two decades, cities with the largest increases in immigration have experienced the largest decreases in crime rates, especially homicides and robberies. This is an example of what crime factor?
What is immigration
The view that deteriorated communities serve as a magnet for criminals and attract criminal activity
What is the broken windows hypothesis
True or False
Research shows that individuals who have had prior victimization experiences have a significantly higher chance of repeat victimization than people who have not been victims.
What is true
Human behavior is a function of the interaction of biochemical, neurological, and genetic factors with environmental stimuli.
What is the Biosocial Theory