Stroke.
Brain
What is it?
Trauma
ICP
100
  • Failure to recognize familiar objects perceived by the senses?

Agnosia

100

Located in the temporal lobe, this area is primarily involved in comprehension.

Wernicke's Area

100
  • The imbalance of which neurotransmitters are responsible for the neurologic disorders, Parkinson’s Disease and Myasthenia Gravis?


Answer: Parkinson’s Disease: Dopamine

Myasthenia Gravis: Acetylcholine

100
  • Temporary loss of neurologic function with no apparent structural damage to the brain. It is a bruising of the brain surface.



Answer: Contusion

100
  • What is a Close (blunt trauma)?

Acceleration/deceleration causing brain tissue damage

200
  • A type of stroke that lasts only for a few minutes. Will resolve on its own but may be a precursor of another stroke?

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) or “mini stroke”.

200


Located in the frontal lobe, this area is primarily involved in speech production

Broca's Area

200
  • Cranial (or temporal) arteritis is a cause of headache in the older population and is a medical emergency that is very commonly associated with an increase in which laboratory value that indicates inflammation in the body?


Answer: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

200
  • The type of fractures that allow CSF to leak from nose and ears (Halo sign).
  • Answer: Basilar fractures.
200
  • What are the earliest signs of increasing ICP?
  • Change of LOC; agitation, increased restlessness
300
  • The most 2 common medical risk factors for a stroke?

  • Answer: Uncontrolled hypertension and Diabates.
  • Other risk factors: Aneurysm
  • Smoking or second-hand smoke
  • High cholesterol
  • Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Family history
  • Covid-19 infection
300

Damage to this area of the brain can result in balance impairment.

Cerebellum

300
  • Which condition is characterized by facial paralysis caused by unilateral inflammation of the seventh cranial nerve?


Answer: Bell Palsy

300

What are some signs of brain injury?


Altered LOC

Pupillary abnormalities

Neurologic changes

Changes in v/s

HA

Seizures.

300

What is Monroe Kellie hypothesis?


Because of the limited space for expansion within the skull, an increase in any one of the components causes a change in the volume of the others.

400
  • This type of stroke is the most common type where the blood vessels get blocked by a blood clot or plaque and a thrombolytic therapy should be given to clear the clot.


Answer: Ischemic Stroke (87% of strokes)

400

Symptoms of a right sided stroke

  • memory loss, spatial/depth perception loss, left sided paralysis, left neglect/denial of paralysis, reckless/impulsive behavior
400
  • What are common clinical manifestations of meningitis? Select All That Apply:
  • A. Headache
  • B. Fever
  • C. Changes in LOC
  • D. Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck)
  • E. Negative Kernig Sign
  • F. Elevated Protein & Decreased Glucose in CSF

Answer: a, b, c, d, f (Positive Kernig Sign is correct)

400

What are some priority nursing actions for Autonomic Dysreflexia in a spinal cord injury client?  Select all that apply:

a. Raise HOB & notify MD

b. Loosen tight clothing on client

c. Check for bladder distention (kinked foley bags)

d. Administer an antihypertensive medication

e. Limiting bladder catherization to once every 12 hrs

answers: a,b,c,d

400
  • What are the signs of the Cushing Triads?
  • Bradycardia, hypertension, and bradypnea—which is late sign of increased ICP and prognosis is poor.
500

Symptoms of a left sided stroke?

Memory loss, speech & language problems, right sided paralysis, slow/cautious behavior, depression

500
  • If a patient comes into the ED with a diagnoses of Myasthenia Gravis what are the nurses priority actions?




Monitor respiratory status and ability to cough and deep breathe adequately.



500

What is Guillain-Barre syndrome and Nursing interventions?


Autoimmune disorder with acute attack of peripheral nerve myelin that often follows a viral infection.


Nursing interventions:

Prevent respiratory failure

Prevent DVT:

Anticoagulant agents

Position changes every 2 hrs.

Adequate hydration

SCDs and compression hose

Administer IV and parenteral nutrition

Assess swallowing and gag reflex and prevent aspiration

TPE and IV IG

500

What is post lumbar puncture headache and management?


Throbbing bifrontal or occipital headache cause by CSF leakage at the puncture side and it is severe on sitting or standing.

 I.I RN Management:

Bed rest for 4 to 8 hrs. post puncture.

Analgesic agents

Hydration

500
  • The nurse is instituting seizure precautions for a client who is being admitted from the ED. Which measures should the nurse included in the planning of client safety: Select all that apply:
  • 1. Padding the side rails of the bed
  • 2. Placing an airway at bedside
  • 3. Place the bed in the high position
  • 4. Putting a padded tongue blade at the head of the bed
  • 5. Placing o2 suction equipment at the bedside
  • 6. Flushing the IV catheter to ensure the site is patent

Answer:1,2,5,6

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