OI there
Insertion of Rhomboid Major
Inferior 2/3 of the medial border of the scapula
Nerve that innervates the trapezius muscle
Spinal accessory nerve
The narrowing of spinal canals that leads to compression of spinal cord and nerves at the end of lumbar vertebrae
Stenosis
This pathology typically improves with trunk extension and worsens with trunk flexion
Radiculopathy
A negative extension rotation test helps to (rule in/rule out) which pathology?
rule out lumbar mechanical-related
Origin of levator scapulae
Transverse processes of C1 to C4
trapezius middle fibers
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
A set of conditions in which any spinal nerve is affected usually at the nerve root
Radiculopathy
If you said sciatica you can have half the points because it's pretty much the same thing, except Dr. Reiman says it's fake
A low back pathology where pain is worse at rest and relieved with repeated motions
Lumbar Spine mechanical-related pain
Verbally describe and demonstrate how to perform the prone instability test
Patient in prone with legs off the table. Perform PA glide to see if it provokes pain. Then have patient lift legs off the floor and do PA glides again to see if pain gets better. This helps badly rule in instability
Insertion of serratus posterior superior
superior border of ribs 2 - 5, lateral to the angles of the ribs
Action(s) of latissimus dorsi
internal rotation of arm
adduction of arm
extension of arm
LBP caused by a deformity usually related to facet joint dysfunction, segmental dysfunction, or somatic dysfunction
Lumbar Spine Mechanical-Related Pain
Upon triage, this pathology presents with Myelopathy, UMN signs, and hyperreflexia
Central stenosis (answer must be specific)
A positive crossed leg raise test would help rule in which lumbar pathology?
radiculopathy
Origin of Lattisimus dorsi
Spinous processes T7-L5, sacrum, iliac crest, ribs 10-12
Name all back muscles that are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid Minor
Levator Scapulae
An inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting SIJ and spine leading to structural damage and functional impairments
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Three pathologies that may all present with vertebral hypermobility, Gowers sign, pain being relieved with movement and aggravated with sustained movements.
Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis
Lumbar instability
The 2 stage treadmill test is used to
differentiate between neurogenic (stenosis) vs. vascular claudication
A stenosis issue pain would change with position of incline. Vascular claudication would change with activity (less pain when stopped)
Origin of the trapezius muscle
Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7- T12
Action(s) of levator scapulae
Acting unilaterally: scapular elevation, downward rotation of the scapula, lateral flexion of neck, rotate head and neck to same side
Acting bilaterally: extend the head and neck
The difference between Spondylosis, Spondylolysis, and Spondylolisthesis
Spondylosis is just the OA degeneration of the joints between the spinal vertebrae
Spondylolysis is a stress fracture or bone defect of one or both pars interarticularis that causes LBP due to instability, whereas Spondylolisthesis is the same thing, but with displacement of the higher corresponding vertebrae
A 21 year-old Duke basketball player presents to your clinic with low back pain that started one week ago. During your initial eval, you notice increased pain with active trunk extension from flexion and that he is unable to touch his toes in long sitting or standing due to concordant pain that starts when his hands reach his mid-thigh. Based on this subjective material, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Lumbar spine strain (not sprain due to pain with active contraction)
A positive romberg test (moderate sway) can help rule in this pathology
Stenosis