Drug Interactions
When you drink a glass of milk when taking levofloxacin for a UTI, the efficacy of this antibiotic is reduced. This is an example of a Drug/_____ interaction.
What is a Drug/Food interaction?
In this adverse drug reaction, patients may display the following signs: a raised, red, itchy rash, swelling of the throat or tongue, and difficulty breathing.
What is anaphylaxis?
This is the best intervention for an IV drug incompatibility.
What is prevention?
This type of parenteral nutrition is customized for each patient and must be administered via a central line due to an osmolarity>900 mOsm/L.
What is Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)?
This drug route most quickly achieves therapeutic drug levels.
What is intravenous (IV)?
This occurs when the combined effect of taking two drugs together is much larger than the effect of each individual drug.
What is synergy?
IV certified LPNs may give IV medications to patients who are at least this age.
What is 12?
Name the three main types of incompatibilities of IV drugs?
What are physical, chemical and therapeutic?
Name the three most important monitoring parameters for a patient receiving TPN?
What are glucose, I & Os, and weight?
This term is used to describe a medication that binds to a receptor and causes activation.
What is an agonist?
This term describes a medication that binds to a receptor blocking it from activation and/or from another substance binding to it.
What is an antagonist?
Signs of this reaction, caused by infusing vancomyin too quickly, include flushing, redness, and a heavy, warm feeling.
What is Red Man Syndrome?
Mixing bleach with ammonia causes the formation of chlorine gas. This is an example of what type of incompatibility?
What is chemical?
Name the four main components of most TPN?
What are dextrose (carbohydrates), protein (amino acids), fats (lipids) and electrolytes/vitamins?
Pharmacodynamics refers to the effects of medications on the body, while this term refers to the body's effects on medications and includes absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.
What is pharmacokinetics?
When a patient has kidney disease with reduced renal function, some medications may need to be adjusted to account for the decreased clearance. This is an example of this type of drug interaction.
What is a Drug/Disease interaction?
It is important to monitor these two labs in a patient receiving vancomycin therapy.
What are serum creatinine and vancomycin troughs?
Unlike the expiration date of a medication, this date is determined by the compounding pharmacy and reflects sterility.
What is the Beyond Use Date?
Tapering TPN infusions when starting and discontinuing can help prevent large changes in electrolytes and this.
What is blood glucose?
When a drug has a narrow therapeutic window, it means there is little room between the dose needed to for a therapeutic effect and the dose that causes this.
What is toxicity?
This drug has many interactions with drugs such as antibiotics and foods like green leafy vegetables, which can result in large fluctuations in the INR and risks of bleeding or clotting.
What is warfarin?
This medical emergency in patients receiving heparin includes a sharp decrease in platelets after about 5 days of heparin therapy.
What is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
Sodium bicarbonate is incompatible with most medications because it causes a change in this.
What is pH? Sodium bicarbonate increases the pH making a solution more basic.
You must use this size of a filter for TPNs containing lipids.
What is 1.2 microns?
This term is used to describe a condition when the amount of drug entering the blood stream is approximately equal to the amount of drug being eliminated from the body.
What is steady state?