HLD and HTN
What are the 3 priorities patients should have to lower ASCVD risk?
What class of diuretics is preferred when a patient is in heart failure or has an eGFR less than 30?
What is loop diuretics.
When is LMWH preferred over UFH?
What is during pregnancy, patients who have VTE and cancer, outpatient, and during prophylaxis in orthopedic surgeries.
When do systolic and diastolic pressures occur in the heart?
Systolic: when the left ventricle is pumping
Diastolic: when the chambers are refilling
What is used to control symptoms of an MI within 30 minutes of presentation of symtpoms?
What is a very common (~20%) side effect of ticagrelor?
Dyspnea
What antihypertensive agent is preferred in diabetic patients who have albuminuria present?
Why are DHP calcium channel blockers not used in heart failure patients?
What medications are used for cardioembolic stroke prevention after a patient has already experienced one?
Warfarin/DOACs.
Where do thiazide diuretics work in the kidney?
The distal convoluted tubule.
How do nitrates reduce vasospasms to reduce angina symtoms?
They produce NO through enzymatic reactions, which increase cGMP to activate myosin LC phosphatase to relax the vasospasms.
What is the treatment plan for a patient experiencing unstable bradycardia?
Atropine, then epinephrine, dopamine, and isoproterenol.
What drug reduces cholesterol absorption?
Ezetimibe
A patient presents to the emergency department with chest pain, nausea, and left sided drooping of the face. Blood sugar was tested during intake and is within normal range. Upon intake, it is further found that his blood pressure is extremely high, with a reading of 185/130. He also weighs 82kg. What is this patient diagnosed with and what 2 drugs should the patient be given right away?
This patient is currently experiencing an ischemic stroke, along with a hypertensive emergency. For the hypertensive emergency, the patient should be given IV labetalol 20mg over two minutes, followed by rechecking BP every 10 minutes and following up with a dose of 40mg IV as needed to bring the blood pressure down. For the ischemic stroke, the patient should receive 0.9mg/kg of IV alteplase, so his specific dose will be 74mg IV given over 1 hour, with the first 7mg given over 1 minute as a bolus.
What test do we use for determining ejection fraction?
Left ventriculogram
What drug is used to control heart rhythm in heart failure patients?
Amiodarone