Quadrants
Right Upper Quadrant, Right Lower Quadrant, Left Upper Quadrant, Left Lower Quadrant
If family members have the same symptoms of nausea and vomiting
Food poisoning
bloody emesis
Hematemesis
promote relaxation, warm environment, good lighting, painful areas, position patient supine with legs flexed
Preparation for Physical Exam
contour, umbilicus, symmetry, skin, pulsation/movement, hair (pubic) distribution, demeanor
Physical Exam - Inspection
Epigastric, Umbilical, Hypogastric and Superpubic
The four regions of the abdomen
heart failure, liver failure, cancer can cause this
Ascities
black, tarry stool that represents and upper GI bleed
Melena
When palpating, use a clockwise circular motion and ______ fingers when moving from place to place
lift
midline, inverted, no discoloration, inflammation, or hernia
Physical Examination - Umbilicus (Inspection)
Liver, Gallbladder, Duodenum, Head of pancreas, Right kidney / Adrenal, Hepatic flexure of colon, Part of ascending and transverse colon
Organs in the RUQ
restlessness, constantly turning trying to get into a good position, resistance to movement, knee flexed up, rapid/uneven respirations
These signs indicate Pain
yellow, greasy, frothy stool due to excess fat due to malabsorption (celiac disease)
Steatorrhea
inspection, auscultate, percussion, palpation
Order during abdominal exam
In order to find out a patients nutritional habits, you could have them make a
24 hour food recall
Stomach, Spleen, Left lobe of liver, Body of Pancreas, Left kidney / Adrenal, Splenic fixture of colon, Part of transverse and descending colon
Organs in the LUQ
loud stomach growling
Borborygmus
organ protrusion (bowel) through weak area of muscle
Hernia
When performing the physical examination, you are listening (auscultating) for
bowel sounds and vascular sounds
Auscultate before you percuss and palpate to reduce
increased peristalsis and false interpretation of bowel sounds
If ___________, the bladder will be felt midline of the abdomen.
Distended
bowel sounds are high pitched, gurgling , occur irregularly, 5 to 30 times per minute
normoactive bowel sounds
Liver enlargement
hepatomegaly
slight pulsations from aorta seen in the epigastric area and seen in thin people
Normal pulsations or movements
Costovertebral Angle Tenderness is percussion of the
kidneys