Sampling, Validity, & Variables
Define internal validity.
Degree to which we are confident that the changes in the DV (outcome) are caused by the IV
The overall effect of one IV on the DV.
Main effect
Explain what a Type 1 Error is.
False positive; rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.
A data collection method where multiple participants are interviewed at one time.
Focus group
Name the 3 components of PAR.
Participatory, Action, Research
Define external validity.
Can our outcome generalize to all populations?; can our outcome generalize to different settings?; representativeness
True or false? On a graph, lines don’t have to cross to indicate an interaction, they just have to be parallel.
False! They are non parallel for interactions.
Explain what a Type 2 error is.
False negative; accepting the null hypothesis when it is actually false.
Research designs that combine both qualitative and quantitative methods are known as ______.
Mixed methods research
Name one example of an arts-based research method.
Body mapping, Photovoice, Collage, etc.
In which direction is the graph on the board skewed?
Negative, left (tail at the left end)
Describe in your own words what meta analysis is.
Combines results from many studies that ask the same research question to get an overall effect.
This greek letter is the probability of committing a type 1 error.
Alpha
Ethnography is an example of an _______ qualitative data collection method.
Observational/naturalistic observation
Explain one difference between CBPR/PAR/Arts-Based methods and quantitative research methods.
Multiple answers.
Explain the relationship between internal and external validity.
An inverse relationship
Explain what it meant by a 2x2 design in terms of variables and levels.
A study with 2 IVs, in which each has 2 levels.
If p-value is less than the chosen significance level, then you would ______(reject/accept) the null hypothesis.
Reject the null hypothesis.
This is known as the point at which no new data or information is yielded from interviewing new participants.
Saturation Point / Thematic saturation
Name one ethical consideration SPECIFIC TO arts-based methods.
Multiple answers
Explain what 3 things are needed to determine causality.
Temporal precedence = Cause precedes (comes before) the effect
2. Covariation of cause and effect = when the cause is present, the effect occurs; when the cause is absent, the effect does not occur
3. Rule out alternative explanations = Nothing but the IV could have caused changes in the DV control for confounding (“third”) variables confounds
Explain what the file drawer problem is.
Studies that fail to reject the null hypothesis (i.e., those without significant results) are less likely to be published.
A pet shop sells cats, dogs, birds, and fish. If 100 pets are sold, and 40 out of the 100 are dogs, then one description of the data would be that 40% were dogs. What type of statistic is this?
Descriptive statistics
This coding process was developed by Braun & Clarke to provide a guide for understanding themes in interviews.
Thematic analysis
What types of questions are community based participatory methods good for?
Helping communities from within, in ways they want