Properties and Particles of Elements
This means “shiny”, or polished and is a property of metals
luster
What is an ion of an element?
has more or less electrons than the neutral atom
Elements with similar properties and reactivity are in the same ______.
group
The first energy level of an atom holds ____ electrons and the second level holds _____ electrons.
2, 8
What is the smallest part of an element?
atom
_________ + _________ = the atomic mass
protons and neutrons
What is an isotope of an atom?
Has more or less neutrons/ different atomic mass
Periods on the Periodic Table provide what information?
number of energy levels (electron orbits)
How can you determine the number of energy levels of an element?
by the Period #
What type of element is sulfur (S) -
metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?
nonmetal
What is a property of a nonmetal that is different from metals?
most nonmetals are poor conductors; most nonmetals are brittle; nonmetals can be liquid or gas at room temperature
Two atoms of an element have the same number of protons, but different atomic masses. What is the one that has an atomic mass different from the Periodic Table?
isotope
The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called ________.
periods
Why are Noble gases stable and nonreactive?
full outer energy levels (electron orbits) and are stable (don't bond with other elements)
How many energy levels does Carbon have?
2
Most of the elements (about 70%) on the Periodic Table are categorized as ________ due to their properties.
metals
Is it possible for carbon (C) to have 7 protons? Explain your answer.
No, it would be Nitrogen (N), a different element.
The atomic number of an atom, as it appears on the periodic table of elements, is the same as the number of _____ and _______.
Protons, electrons
How many valence electrons does Carbon have?
Carbon is in Group 14,
so 14-10 =4
What elements have similar properties to Helium (He)?
All elements in Noble Gases, Group 18.
Xe, Ar, Kr, Rn, Og, and Ne
What are the most reactive nonmetals on the Periodic Table?
Double points if you can explain why.
Group 17, Halogens
Because they need one more electron to be stable.
An atom of Uranium has 92 protons and an atomic mass of 248. How many neutrons does it have?
Is it a neutral atom, an ion, or an isotope?
Double points: How do we notate it?
248-92 = 156;
isotope
Uranium-248
Every element in Groups 1-12 is a metal, except ________.
hydrogen
Define valence electrons.
Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.
What are the most stable groups on the Periodic Table? Explain why.
Group 8 and 18, because they have full outer energy levels