Ionization
What is Ionization?
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its gaseous phase.
What is an Atomic Radius?
Half the distance between adjacent nuclei in a crystal of the element
Or
Half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that chemically bonded together
What is Electronegativity?
The relative ability of elements atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond
What is the largest atom in the Periodic Table?
Potassium
Does the Ionization energy decrease as you move left to right?
False, energy increases as it moves left to right.
True or False? When there are more protons, the atomic radius decreases -
TRUE. Because there are more protons, there is a stronger Coulombic attraction, and electrons and protons are closer, resulting in a smaller atom, making the atomic radius smaller as well.
True or False? Electronegativity increases from left to right across the period
True. As you move across the period the number of nuclear charges increases which strengthens electron bonding
Elements that have similar properties will have the same ____ on the periodic table.
If there is a weak Coulombic attraction, is the ionization high or low, and why?
The ionization energy would be low because more energy levels would be occupied which means electrons and protons would be farther away and the Coulombic attraction would be low and electrons would be easier to remove, and the ionization energy needed would be low.
What happens when the atomic radius decreases?
There are more protons, which equals a stronger Coulombic attraction and the electrons are closer to the protons, which means it’s a smaller atom
What does Electronegativity indicate?
The relative ability of atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
Elements from which group in the periodic table will have the lowest first ionization energies?
Alkali metals
When ionization energy increases, what happens to the energy needed to pull an electron from an atom, and why?
The energy required to pull an electron becomes higher because there are more protons, which means there is a higher Coulombic attraction and a higher amount of energy is needed to pull the electron away.
Does the atomic radius increase or decrease if more energy levels are occupied?
The atomic radius would increase because the electrons would be farther away from protons, causing a weaker Coulombic attraction making a larger atom.
What is the most electronegative element, and why?
Fluorine because it has a numerical value of 3.98. If the value is 3.98 it will have the strongest ability to attract electrons. The values must be 3.98 or less to express electronegativity
Which element has the largest atomic radius?
Aluminum
Does hydrogen (H) or sodium (Na) have a higher ionization energy and why? (refer to periodic table)
Hydrogen would have a higher ionization energy because it has fewer occupied energy levels than sodium, making the protons and electrons closer together and have a higher Coulombic attraction, making it harder to remove an electron from the atom.
Why does the atomic radius decrease as you move along the periodic table?
More protons are added when you go across the periodic table, so the Coulombic attraction is greater causing the atom to be smaller.
Why don’t Noble Gases have electronegativity values?
They have few compounds therefore not being able to attract electrons to other chemical elements. They don’t need more or fewer electrons because they have 8
Which element has the greatest ionization energy?
Lithium