Intro to anatomy
The diaphragm divides into upper and lower portions or into sections in the __________ plane.
transverse
______ are essential for normal maintenance of normal cell structure and metabolism.
organelles
Cells that have _____ have at least 20x the surface area of cells without them.
microvilli
In a section of thick skin the epidermis includes five layers. Order them from basement membrane to surface
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
A/an ____ in bone tissue functions to break down old bone matrix and release calcium salts:
osteoclast
Name a body part that is distal to the olecranon (using anatomical names)
Antebrachium, carpus, manus, palma, pollex, phalanges
In correct order, from beginning to end, cells undergoing mitosis pass through:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
what are the 4 main tissue types?
epithelial, connective, muscle, and neural
The most abundant cell type in the epidermis is the
keratinocyte
Name three functions of the skeletal system
Support, storage of minerals, blood cell production, protection, and leverage
Define the Study of Gross Anatomy
The study of relatively large body structures visible to the naked eye
An active process for transporting solid materials across a cell membrane is:
endocytosis
The type of epithelium that lines the protected regions where rapid absorption occurs, such as the alveoli of the lungs, is…
simple squamous
The blood supply to the skin is termed the
cutaneous plexus
A long bone increases length by means of
Growth and ossification at the epiphyseal cartilage
The heart occupies a space known as the ________cavity
pericardial
name the three passive forms of movement across the plasmalemma
osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion
What type of supportive tissue is found in the pinna of the ear and apex of the nose?
elastic cartilage
The most widely distributed type of sweat gland on the body is the____gland.
merocrine
Which classification of bone include the patella
sesamoid
The major function of the ______ system is the acquisition of nutrients from foods and liquids.
digestive
During which phase of the cell life cycle do somatic cells spend the majority of their lives?
interphase
What type of supportive tissue is found in areas of high stress such as between the spinal vertebrae and the pubic symphysis?
fibrocartilage
The layer of skin that contains both interwoven bundles of collagen fibers as well as the protein elastin, which is responsible for the strength of the skin, is the ____ layer.
reticular
list the steps of endochondral ossification (there are 6 steps!)
Step 1: Cartilage enlarges; Chondrocytes die
Step 2: blood vessels grow into perichondrium; cells convert to osteoblasts; shaft becomes covered with superficial bone
Step 3: more blood supply and osteoblasts; produces spongy bone; formation spreads on shaft
Step 4: Osteoclasts create medullary cavity; appositional growth
Step 5: epiphysis centers calcify; blood and osteoblasts move in; secondary ossification centers
Step 6: Epiphysis filled with spongy bone; cartilage remains at joints; epiphyseal plate in metaphysislist