Chapter 1
Define macrostructure
part of skeletal muscle that consist of:
- muscle
- fascicles
- muscle fibers
- fascia
- perimysium
- endomysium
- epimysium
The mechanisms through which components interact to create movement.
What is Biomechanics
The flow of energy in a biological system; the conversion of macronutrients into biologically usable forms of energy.
What is bioenergetics
Hormone responses are tightly linked to the characteristics of:
the resistance exercise protocol.
High-intensity, intermittent bouts of exercise such as weight training; plyometric drills; and speed, agility, and interval training.
What is anaerobic training
Define microstructure
Part of skeletal muscle that includes:
- muscle fibers
- myofibrils
- sarcomeres
- myofilaments
- endomysium
The muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement; also called the prime mover.
What is agonisti
The breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules, associated with the release of energy.
What is catabolism
Growth hormone release is affected by?
the type of resistance training protocol used
With heavy resistance training; what gets larger?
Muscle fibers
sliding-filament theory
States that the actin filaments at each end of the sarcomere slide inward on myosin filaments, pulling the Z-lines toward the center of the sarcomere and thus shortening the muscle fiber
A muscle that can slow down or stop the movement.
What is antagonist
The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules; can be accomplished using the energy released from catabolic reactions.
What is Anabolism
Short rest period types of workouts result in?
Greater serum concentrations
Why do muscle fibers get larger?
because motor units are recruited in a sequential order by their size to produce high levels of force.
Describe the specific physiological characteristics of different muscle fiber types and their involvement in different sports
(look at picture in phone)
A muscle that assists indirectly in a movement.
What is synergist
What is energy stored in the chemical bonds of an ATP molecule used for?
Power Muscular Activity
What leads to muscle growth and strength changes.
The specific force produced in activated fibers
hypertrophy
involves an increase in the synthesis of the contractile proteins actin and myosin within the myofibril, as well as an increase in the number of myofibrils within a muscle fiber.
Characteristics of the cardiovascular & respiratory system:
Cardio: heart, valves, conduction system, electrocardiogram, blood vessels, arteries, capillaries, veins, and blood.
Respiratory: Exchange of air & exchange of respiratory gasses.
The ratio of the moment arm through which an applied force acts to that through which a resistive force acts.
What is mechanical advantage
carbs, proteins, and fats- only carbs are…
three main macronutrients
Growth hormone (Main physiological roles of GH and its superfamily:)
•Decreases glucose utilization
•Increases protein synthesis
•Increases collagen synthesis
•Stimulates cartilage growth
•Enhances immune cell function
•Increases lipolysis (fat breakdown)
Forces that reach or exceed a threshold stimulus initiate:
New bone formation