From New Netherland to New York to Leisler’s Rebellion
There was a new colony called New Netherland, because Charles seized these lands and drove the Dutch out.
What are NY, NJ, Pennsylvania
Why the Quakers wanted a refuge in North America
What is the Quakers had been prosecuted in England and Scotland so they wanted a refuge in NA.
1670 a group of wealthy quakers purchased New Jersey and offered religious freedom and political rights to anyone residing there (who was male and land owning)
William Penn was one of the founders of this colony
The plan for Carolina, described as this, was similar to that of Lord Baltimore
What are small independent farmers with serfs (laborers) bound to work on the farms. Few English were willing to travel to become serfs.
Joint Stock Company
Business financed through the sale of shares of stock to investors. Investors share in profit and risk/loses
The commonwealth
What is a republic established after Cromwell victory. Lasted until 1660 when monarchy was restored.
Restoration is the era following return of monarchy to England. 1660-1688
This is how England got the land.
What is in 1652 Holland and England became rivals, fought three naval wars to determine who controlled raw materials and goods trade. After each war the Dutch lost ground.
King Charles gave his brother James control of the New Netherland settlement if James could take it from the Dutch.
This is how William Penn got his land.
What is William Penn supported King Charles, who granted him a huge bit of land. He used this land to build a refuge for the Quakers. He called it Pennsylvania. Because his name was Penn and Sylvania stands for forest, so he named it Penn's forest. so original.
Thi sis how South Carolina came to be.
What is the original founders of the Carolina colony took control of the southern section, named it South Carolina, and grew rich from rice. North Carolina didn’t do as well because swamps, but eventually they grew and officially separated from the south, hence the two separate colonies were born.
Puritans
Members of the Church of England who wanted to reform worship and doctrine to make it protestant
Half-Way Covenant
Agreement that gave children of puritans partial membership in the church (and therefore political rights) even though they didn’t have a saving grace moment
This is how James took the land
What is James sailed 4 armed ships and aimed cannons at New Netherland town square. The governor tried to rally the troops but they refused, so he surrendered.
1664 - New Netherland became New York with no shots fired.
Pennsylvania (and the Quakers who founded it) reflected this.
What is egalitarianism - all were equal and all had a voice. All free men could vote and those that they elected had full governing powers.
Penn wanted no politically powerful landlords or dependent tenant farmers. He wanted independent land owning farmers. He also insisted on purchasing land fairly from the natives and peaceful coexistence. We stan.
This is why Georgia was founded as the last colony
What is in 1732 James Oglethrope wanted a charter for land on the Florida border. They wanted a place where men and women imprisoned for debt could start anew. King George granted it because he wanted a buffer between rich South Carolina and the Spanish.
There is a clause in the Georgia charter requiring military service from every male settler. The poor in Georgia would protect the rich in S. Carolina
Glorious Revolution
A term used to describe removal of James II (Catholic) and crowning of Mary and her Dutch husband William (protestant)
Great Migration
Movement of puritans from England to America in 1360s
James allowed those living there to keep their land, practice their religions, and conduct business in their native language. But he did this.
What is he taxed them heavily and allowed them no representative in the assembly. All political offices went to his friends.
Penn recruited non-English settlers for this reason.
What is he wanted a multicultural society and he made pamphlets that stressed religious and political freedom. It worked and 8000+ immigrants poured in in 4 years.
In 1717 when Penn died he left behind a thriving colony, shipping and commercial center.
This is the reason the Georgia colony forbade a representative assembly.
The Georgia founders saw indebted people as weak and thought they couldn't / shouldn’t govern themselves.
Indentured Servants
Those who work off debt for a fixed period of time - usually in exchange for passage to the colonies.
Quakers
Radical sect that believed in the equality of men and women, pacifism, and divine inner light
Thi sis why the colony was abandoned
What is that expansion wasn't happening because of James' unpopular policies. He also abandoned the colony once he became king.
Many Quakers chose to resign from government, so they didn't have to deal with this conflict.
However newcomers saw the “buying land” and “all are equal” policies as a check on their ambition. They wanted to seize land instead.
They also wanted military protection from the farmers, which went against Quaker pacifism.
Instead the colony slowly filled with these folks, not the poor.
Who are middle-class English immigrants and S. Carolinians looking for new land.
They challenged these strict rules. 1752 the founders abandoned the idea and it became a royal colony.
Pilgrims
Group of separatists who left England for religious freedom. Sailed on Mayflower in 1620
House of Burgesses
Elected lawmaking body of Virginia